The conceptual models of human resource management Essay Example For Students

The conceptual models of human resource management Essay Human Resource Management is an organisational activity, meant to be after, pull off, steer and command the maps involved in procurance, development, care, and use of the staff, for carry throughing each degree marks. The basic seven ( 7 ) managerial undertakings that human resources ( HR ) section has to cover with are: We will write a custom essay on The conceptual models of human resource management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1. Staffing. 2. Performance Appraisals. 3. Compensation and Benefits. 4. Training and Development. 5. Employee and Labor Relations. 6. Safety and Health. 7. Human Resource Research. Human resource Renaissance mans and specializers can be parts of the large organisations HRM staffing. The HR Renaissance man is portion of all the seven HRM maps, while the HR specializer may be portion of any one of them. Prior to the seven undertakings treatments, understanding the occupation analysis is necessary. HR analyses the work proficiency, exact actions and Intelligence demands of the occupation put to deathing resources, in Job Analysis. Three evidences back uping Job Analysis are: While new startup While new occupation creative activity While occupation alteration. Two cardinal tools playing critical function in Job definition are: Describing the Occupation: Job description is about stipulating non merely the occupation function and occupation duties but besides a list of skill set required and technical/non-technical facets of the Job. Requirements of the Job/ Job Specification ( Mondy and Noe, 1996 ) : Job Specification is about gauging the basic sum of instruction and needed experience to put to death the undertaking. Outline1 Staff Management2 Compensation and Benefits3 Tax returns and benefits4 Training to better Performance5 Employee Relationss6 Human Resource Models7 Figure 2 Schemes of HRM8 The Matching Model9 Figure 3 Matching Model10 Human Resource Models11 Control-Based Model12 The Resource-Based Model13 Figure 414 The Integrative theoretical account:15 Figure 5 Dimensions of HR Strategy16 Undertaking 217 Psychological Contract and the Foundation for Adaptive Schemes18 Manpower Planning19 The two cardinal constituents of Manpower planning are20 Sequence Planing21 Employee turnover22 Recruitment23 Deciding on Footings of Appointment24 Choice of Campaigners25 Probation26 Performance Management27 Cardinal Components28 Motivation29 Performance Appraisal30 Promotion31 Guidance and Supervision32 Training and Development33 Training34 Development35 Staff Relationss36 Management Information System37 The Way Ahead38 Advantages of Human Resource Planning39 Restriction of HRP40 Decision Staff Management Staff Management is possible with occupation description and occupation specification. As per the organisational demands for engaging new resources, occupation hire specifications are defined like appellation, occupation station, registration day of the month, and section. In large organisations, HR takes attention of all these activities. HR posts pre created occupation specifications, for occupation demand, may be internal occupation switch or engaging external campaigner or both. Technical Manager ( s ) has to interview the shortlisted campaigners, to guarantee whether the campaigner is eligible for the occupation station and so to carry through the demand. Performance Appraisals To actuate the resources whose public presentation is good and who carry throughing the given duties as per outlooks are encouraged by supplying periodic increases or Appraisals. These assessments are given based on public presentation rating of the resources, to hike up their future public presentation. HR plays the function of scrutinizing the resource public presentation, wok truth, promptness, behaviour in critical incidents, managing the feverish work state of affairss, and others, to make up ones mind the assessments for the resources. HR can besides roll up employee reappraisals from their line directors by inquiring about their public presentation. As per the evaluations gained by the employee by their directors, or group of directors, and self audit done by HR, the Performance Appraisals are given to the employees. Compensation and Benefits Compensation is payment in the signifier of an hourly wages/annual wages and extra benefits such as, pensions, holiday, ill yearss, insurance, modified workweek, stock options, etc. In the ideal state of affairs, employees feel they are paid what they are deserving, are rewarded with sufficient benefits, and have some intrinsic satisfaction.Compensation should be legal and ethical, equal, motivation, just and just, cost-efficient lucrative, and able to supply employment security. Tax returns and benefits HR Activities besides include pull offing the attack towards employee benefits and compensation, employee records and forces policies. Tax returns / Compensation is paid as hourly rewards with paid foliages, insurance coverage, retirement fund, type of benefits. This may assist the employees to experience that they are acquiring rewarded for their first-class work and hence may make feeling of satisfaction and security. Supplying just, principled, inspiring, moneymaking, encouraging sort of Returns to the employees gives them surety of working at the right topographic point. Training to better Performance Training the hired resources may assist to better the public presentation degree. The resources can update their accomplishments, work techniques, and methodological analysis. Besides proper preparation enables the resources to larn new constructs, get the hanging the engineering, achieve high public presentation. Resources can be trained based on certain standards like the existent demand of developing to the campaigner, financess provided for preparation, necessity of bettering the work cognition, etc. Organizations follows different developing methods that includes, Computer-based Training which is cost effectual and self larning sort of preparation, Recreation type of Training which allows the trainee to acquire involved in practising the virtually designed environment by utilizing the known constructs in to existent state of affairss and Training by Instructor in which the trainer will present the needed cognition to the trainee. Employee Relationss HR has to be linked with assorted patterns followed to pull off the personals in the organisations in better manner. HR has to play cardinal function in placing employees issues and deciding them, effectual communicating, disposal, colonies, make up ones minding the exact organisational staffing demands, and to repair whether the employees on contract footing or lasting footing can carry through the work demands, engaging best resources within available rewards, etc. Human Resource Models HR scheme consists of five P s that includes Philosophy, Policies, Programs, Practices and Processes. It can be executed after repairing the coveted concern scheme to back up the selected spirited schemes. The HR scheme theoretical account s diagrammatic illustration can be studied from fig 1. Figure 1 Hierarchy of Strategic Decision Making The undermentioned theoretical accounts explain the influence of environment on HR scheme .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .postImageUrl , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:visited , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:active { border:0!important; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:active , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychophysics EssayFigure 2 Schemes of HRM The policies and patterns of an organisation s HRM must be adaptable to its competitory environment and with the concern conditions it faces. The Integration Concept has three facets. Associating of HR policies and patterns with the strategic direction procedure of the organisation Internalization of the importance of HR on the portion of line directors Integration of the work force into the organisation to further committedness or an identity of involvement with the strategic ends. Associating strategic direction procedure with HR policies and patterns of the organisation Internalization of the importance of HR on the portion of line directors Better the committedness or an identity of involvement with the strategic ends through work force integrating in to the organisation The Matching Model Organizational construction and HR systems are to be managed similar to that of organisational scheme . This is close to Chandler s ( 1962 ) differentiation between scheme and construction and his often-quoted axiom that structure follows scheme . In the Devanna et Al. theoretical account, HRM scheme construction follow and provender upon one another and are influenced by environmental forces ( figure 3 ) . Figure 3 Matching Model Human Resource Models This subdivision shows the nexus between organization/business scheme and HR scheme. Human resource schemes here average forms of determinations about HR policies used by direction in planing work and to choose, train, develop, appraise, to actuate and command workers. It consists of three theoretical accounts: Control Based Model: In this the direction proctors and command employee function public presentation. Resource Based Model: It is based on the nature employer employee exchange and, specifically on employee attitudes, the quality of director subsidiary relationship. Integrative Model: This theoretical account combines both Control Based and Resource Based theoretical accounts Control-Based Model This theoretical account is more specifically based on the managerial behaviour and to supervise employee public presentation. Harmonizing to this position, HR policies and schemes act as a tool and techniques to command all facets of work and obtain high degree of labour productiveness. Concentrating on monitoring and commanding employee public presentation has its roots in labor procedure of industrial sociologist . When organisations employ people, they have merely capacity to work. To guarantee that each and every employee works to his or her full capacity, directors must form the undertakings, infinite, minute of clip within which the employee works. Thomson and McHugh province that control is non an terminal in itself, but a means to transform the capacity to work established by the pay relation in profitable production The pick of HR scheme is governed by Variations in organisation signifiers Competitive presuure on direction Stability of labour markets The fluctuations in HR schemes reflects two logics: Process Based control focal points on efficiency and cost containment Outcomes based control focal points on existent consequences The Resource-Based Model This theoretical account is based on the wages attempt exchange, the grade to which directors view their employees every bit assets as opposed to variable cost. The amount of people s cognition, societal relationships serve as a beginning of competitory advantage. An organisation resource can be categorized as touchable and intangible. Here capablenesss mean the effectual usage of organisational resources. Harmonizing to SWOT analysis, the resource based perspective emphasizes on the internal strengths and extinguishing failings . Figure 4 The Integrative theoretical account: Bamberger and Meshoulam integrated the Control Based Model and Resource Based theoretical account to construct a new theoretical account that characterizes the two chief schemes of HR affecting acquisition and development and the venue of control , Acquisition and development are concerned about how the HR scheme increases internal human capital as opposed to external hiring. This is knows as the do or bargain scheme of HR Figure 5 shows, these two chief dimensions of HR scheme yield four different ideal types of dominant HR scheme: Figure 5 Dimensions of HR Strategy Commitment HR scheme: focal points on internal development of employees. Traditional HR scheme: focal points on external hiring. Collaborative HR scheme: Subcontracting the work to external experts and evaluation their public presentation based on the terminal consequence. Paternalistic HR scheme: Supplying internal publicities to employees and offering larning chances. Undertaking 2 Psychological Contract and the Foundation for Adaptive Schemes In the past employee trueness and consistent good work were rewarded through changing grade of occupation security. Presently, stableness and permanence were mostly replaced by changeless alteration. For organisations uninterrupted betterment, geting new accomplishments and employee cognition drama major function. In 1980 s fortune 500 companies faced stiff competition and shed 3.5million adult male power and this figure may hold reached 10million. If the work force realized that the companies are undergoing a alteration, the constituents are: Manpower Planning Manpower planning enables a section to be after its short and long term demands and adjust its adult male power needs harmonizing the demands. Manpower planning shows Available endowment and figure of new engaging have to be done. Bespeaking possible enlistings. Excess or lack in rankings or classs. Handiness of qualified and experient workers The two cardinal constituents of Manpower planning are Sequence Planing Employee turnover Sequence Planing This assesses the likely turnover in cardinal stations, placing the possible campaigners to make full these cardinal stations and guaranting that they have suited preparation and exposure in making their following degree. Succession planning is an of import exercising because it gives a subdivision or section an earlier warning on deficit of accomplishments and happening campaigners with suited accomplishments. A sequence program identifies: Cardinal stations and possible possible campaigners. Causes of turnover. Identifying the campaigners and supplying preparation. Alternate action, if no campaigner is identified. Employee turnover Due to the factors such as surrender or retirement a section may non be after for a turnover. But it can supervise turnover so that less troubles are faced in retaining the endowment. These troubles can be overcome by actuating, preparation and supplying growing chances. When turn toing sequence and turnover the section needs to see other factors such as external factors internal factors Recruitment When a section decides to engage manpower, it should place the sort of staff required, and the clip period. The general rules followed in civil services enlisting are: Use processs which are clearly understood by campaigners and which are unfastened to public examination ; .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .postImageUrl , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:visited , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:active { border:0!important; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:active , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business Information Systems EssayBe just, giving campaigners who meet the stipulated lower limit demands equal chance for choice ; and Select campaigners on the footing of virtue and ability. Use processs which are clearly understood by campaigners. Supplying equal chance for campaigners who meet the declared demands. Select campaigners based on virtue. Recruitment of abroad officers is undertaken merely when no or insufficient local campaigners are available. The three cardinal constituents of enlisting procedure are: Deciding on footings of assignment. Choice of campaigners. Probation. Deciding on Footings of Appointment After make up ones minding on class and clip period of the staff, the section needs to concentrate on footings of assignment, this should be drafted on the footing of nature of responsibilities to be performed and the duties to be carried out. The different footings of assignments footings are: Permanent and personable footings ; Agreement footings ; Impermanent footings ( month-by-month or daily ) ; Part-time ; Non-civil service assignment ; and Consultancy Choice of Campaigners Ad. Screening and Selection. Functions and Responsibilities. Flexibility. Probation During probation the campaigners are introduced to assorted sections of civil service and the aims of these sections are explained. During this stage a regular feedback on public presentation is provided. It includes On the occupation preparation Supervision and counsel Performance Management The aim of Performance Management is to increase the overall productiveness and effectivity of staff by increasing single potency. It is concerned with: Enhancing single and corporate public presentation. Reaching the direction outlooks. Bridging the spread between top direction and employees. Acknowledging and honoring employee public presentation Identifying and actuating the low acting employees. Supplying preparation to better their bing accomplishments. Cardinal Components Motivation The success of Human Resource Management lies in actuating the employees to make their highest public presentation degrees. The civil service has many coders to hike employee motive, which are discussed under staff dealingss subdivision. Principle: The basic rule in motive is that an effectual employee direction will convey out best from the employees of course. Procedures: Praising in public, admiting a well done undertaking or a positive provender back from top direction and allowing other staff to cognize the accomplishments of their equals. Performance Appraisal Performance assessment will measure an single public presentation over the assigned duties/tasks. It helps direction in placing strengths and failing, whether the campaigner can be promoted to following degree in the occupation hierarchy. The basic rules regulating public presentation assessment are: Jointly carried by single and supervisor. It s an on-going and uninterrupted procedure. Associating departmental aims to individual s public presentation. Outstanding public presentation does non guarantee an addition in rank or class. Performance assessment is done one time in a twelvemonth, except for officers on probation. Each section has their ain assessment ways. During the assessment procedure the aims are clearly listed for appraise and measuring officer. In the terminal the measuring officer will compose the appraisal and sends it to countersigning officer for reappraisals. Promotion Promotion implies that an employee has necessary accomplishments, cognition degrees and attitude to execute good at following higher rank. During assessment accomplishments, experience and potency are considered. The assessment procedure is just and transparent. Promotion Procedures: Department Heads invite employees to use for publicity and even let them to choose out of publicity. As a general regulation publicity boards should Be crystalline Supply an equal chance for all the eligible officers Where the staff studies are inconsistent and non crystalline, promotional interviews are held to supplement these studies. Guidance and Supervision Continuous counsel and supervising will assist employees to execute good therefore doing them eligible for publicity, it besides assists underperforming employee. Guidance and feedback improves the public presentation and removes the blocks in growing of advancement. A feedback should be Immediate Balanced Specific and constructive Training and Development Training and development improves the accomplishments of civil retainers and makes them to execute good in their responsibilities. A strategic attack has the undermentioned features. Committedness in preparation and developing the people. Continuous analysis of demands and staff accomplishments. Maping preparation and development to departmental ends. Choosing experts in preparation Identifying assorted preparation and development manners. Training Departments have their ain preparation methodological analysis and transport out this efficaciously. Management designs developing policies and programs that meet and support departmental aims and values. To guarantee staff development occurs, directors identify developing demands, activities and supply necessary preparation resources. It is the duty of staff to use the preparation to increase their potencies and accomplishments. Development The intent of the calling development is to heighten the accomplishments of the staff and fix them to take high duties. Career development must equilibrate between the demands of an single and with the demands of service. Staff Relationss To maximise the cooperation from staff and actuate them to convey out best from them, direction ensures that there is an effectual communicating channel between top direction and staff. This will enable civil retainers be reasonably treated and, how determinations affect them. The rules that govern staff dealingss are: Transparency in communicating Consulting staff on affairs that affects them. Deciding differences through treatments. The Government should continue the declarations of the International Labor Organization conventions Planing and encouraging activities for good being of staff. Management Information System A Management Information System helps in systematic aggregation of information so that sections can supervise the effectivity of assorted HRM policies. Accurate information helps HRM to: Monitor and enhance HRM Supply up-to-date information for policy development. The Way Ahead Human Resource Management is an on-going and uninterrupted undertaking, the challenge in front is to take new enterprises and programs for better direction of people, actuating them in making the ends, so that they will go on to give their best in these altering times. Advantages of Human Resource Planning Bettering the productiveness of staff. Hiring a good qualified HR. Implementing quickly altering engineerings. Reducing employee abrasion. Controling preparation and enlisting costs. Dainty employees as corporate aids. Restriction of HRP Time and Expensive Inefficient Information systems Resistance from employees Decision As more figure of organisations are take parting in international concern, the range and demand of HRM continues to increase. Hence it is of import for HR professional to get by up with latest tendencies and engineerings in pull offing the people, giving public presentation assessments, supplying preparation and development plans, safety and healthy issues.

Discrimination And Harassment

Discrimination And Harassment Free Online Research Papers Discrimination and harassment are serious problems in the workplace today. People are discriminated against and harassed about their sex, religion, race, weight, handicap, etc. For me, these issues are very unethical, and that’s all there is to it. Really, what does a person or a business gain from committing these selfish acts towards others? I guess a laugh here and there from people listening in on the harassment of a co-worker. I personally don’t see what anyone can gain from any of this and surely there is not one company out there who could gain anything from these two issues. Although, I do see where a company could lose a lot of money and also ruin the good reputation they once had. A good issue to look at for discrimination is the Lilly Ledbetter case. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act is named after a 70 year old woman, who worked for Goodyear Tire Company and was paid far less than her male co-workers for doing the same job day in and day out (Pickert 2009). She also experienced sexual harassment many times during her employment with Goodyear Tire. At one time she was asked by her boss for sexual favors of some sort in return for good job performance evaluations (Pickert 2009). When it came to Lilly’s attention that she was being paid around $1,000.00 less than her male co-workers’ she filed a complaint with the EEOC. Shortly after this Lilly was put on a job to lift heavy tires, which she personally felt was retribution (Pickert 2009). Ledbetter sued Goodyear, who said they paid her less than her male co-workers’ because she was not a good worker! Ledbetter fought and won the case being awarded $3.3 million. Only to have it reduced to around $300,000.00 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court also voted 5-4 against Ledbetter, that she was not entitled the compensation because she filed her claim more than 180 days after receiving her first discriminating paycheck (Pickert 2009). The court then sent stated that this was an issue for Congress to â€Å"clear up†. Clear up is just what Congress did. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was the first piece of legislation that President Obama signed into law after taking Office. This law states that workers discriminated on the basis of gender have a fair chance to sue their employer, and that each discriminated pay check, a person has 180 days to file suit (Pickert 2009). Not only after the first check. One issue that I’ve chose to write about in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace is one that is personal. It happened numerous times to my wife Monique at work in the R.V. facility she worked for. (I will not mention a company name, although it is now public knowledge). Monique had worked for the company for several months and had been dealing with sexual harassment for a couple of those months. It had started with simple little phrases from the plant manger to my wife. Monique is a very fun and outgoing person who can take a â€Å"joke† or a remark as long as it doesn’t get out of hand and personal. She not once said anything back to (this also married man) her boss after a comment and did not complain for fear of being fired by him had she spoke to H.R. or the owner. The plant manager got physical with his sexual harassment one day and Monique told him that that was enough and he had better never do that again. When she came home from work and told me what had happened I immediately called the company and complained on her behalf, because she was not going to for fear of losing her job or being treated different at work. I told the owner that if the situation was handled properly that we would leave the issue alone. Nothing was done or said to this man about what had happened! It was not a week later and another incident occurs. Again, I called to her work about it. To make a long story short. My wife ended up quitting work for the company after being treated much differently than she had being coming forward. And not to mention a lot her co-workers’ somehow found out what had happened to her. Her boss was fired after the company found out we had obtained an attorney and had filed suit against them for sexual harassment. The company settle d the case for a good price out of their pocket and admitted to the wrong-doing on their behalf. There is no room for harassment of this, or any sort in the work place. All that this does is distort it and make women/men afraid to go into a job where they are outnumbered by the opposite sex in fear of this. No one wants to go into a job and be harassed. Whether it is little verbal comments or the bad physical rubs, pats, smacks, etc†¦ When this happens we feel like we cannot say anything for fear of losing our job, or even simply that no one will believe us. Sexual harassment cases filed with the EEOC and the state and local Fair Employment Practices agencies around the country that have a work sharing agreement with the commission have declined slowly since 1997. From 1997 to 2007 the total number of cases is as follows and in order from 1997-2007: 15,889, 15,618, 15,222, 15,836 (an incline from 1999 to 2000), 15,475, 14,396, 13,566, 13,136, 12,679, 12,025, and anther incline from 2006 to 2007 to 12,510 (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2008). By looking at these statistics I would say that sexual harassment is calming down a small fraction each year in the work place. It is far from where I feel it should be; and that is zero cases frilled each year. I believe that in Kantianism that this would be understood this as in no way doing the right thing and only for that reason. A Kantian would see no way that any action stated above would bring them, or anyone else true happiness at anytime. A Kantian would have nothing to gain in any way from these actions. Kantians use themselves as a guide to their actions. They know that they cannot and will not gain a single ounce of good from these actions. A Kantian would not consider sexual harassment or discrimination in or out of the work place. Kantians have a duty to do only what is morally right. As to the question of are there any areas of discrimination in the workforce that I believe are legitimate? My answer to this would be- absolutely not. There is nothing moral to me about discrimination or harassment. Not one thing good can come from this. Someone will always get hurt. If it is the person being harassed or discriminated against, the person doing the acts, or the company that all the individuals are employed by. Not one person will gain any real happiness or sense of well being from this. These acts are just immoral in my book. References Pickert, K. (2009, January 29). Lilly Ledbetter. Time. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1874954,00.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2008). Sexual Harassment Charges EEOC FEPAs Combined: FY 1997- FY 2007 (Publication number unavailable) Retrieved March 9 2009, from eeoc.gov/stats/harass.html Research Papers on Discrimination And HarassmentTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Identify on a local or national level how terrorism is financed Research Paper

Identify on a local or national level how terrorism is financed - Research Paper Example Since contemporary age has witnessed large scale terrorism particularly in the wake of cold war between the USA and the former USSR and the advent of purported New World Order, which has divided the globe into different groups on the basis of religion, economic condition and geographical location. The 9/11 catastrophe has determined new dimensions of international relations, where different nations and societies declared their opponents as terrorists in the light of the attacks on WTC, New York. Though the intellectuals view the catastrophe as a nefarious act designed by the US intelligentsia to capture the resources existing in the Islamic world, the western world found the hand of Osama Ben Laden and his companions in the entire catastrophe, which looked for taking revenge of the American and Israeli atrocities on the Muslim population of various countries. Tarpley (2004) observes that 9/11 was an example of state-sponsored, false-flag, synthetic terrorism, and hereinafter called s ynthetic terrorism. Consequently, the Gulf based Al Qaeda was unanimously declared as the most notorious terrorist organization busy in challenging the very peace of the world. ... Somehow, it is also is a reality beyond suspicion that no corporate firm or organization intentionally provides any terrorist group with the financial support; rather, the planning cell of terrorist organizations manages to receive the same in the sacred name of religious institutions, humanity, health, education and other humanistic purposes; the same is applied on the anti US reactionary militant group Al Qaeda. Financial Action Task Force (2008) is of the view that terrorist financing requirements fall into two general areas: (1) funding specific terrorist operations, such as direct costs associated with specific operations and (2) broader organizational costs to develop and maintain an infrastructure of organizational support and to promote the ideology of a terrorist organization. Like all other militant groups, the organization under investigation also requires financing to run its administrative or structural as well as operational activities. The administrative activities inc lude the expenditures spent on the establishment of offices, staff recruitment, co-ordination with media, communication and propaganda activities and payments and salaries of staff members. They also include the payments of utility bills, sharing and exchanging of information and recruitment and hiring of the militants. Moreover, arrangement of residence, health and medical facilities related to the top leadership is also the part of administrative expenditures. While discussing the operational activities, allocation, appointment and placement of the militants is one of the most significant operational activities of the terrorist organization. Since Al Qaeda has to

Business Assignment about leadership as a business strategy

Business about leadership as a business strategy - Assignment Example Center of discussion in this paper is leadership as one of the best strategies that can assist the companies on the pathway towards growth and success. There are different types of leadership styles that can be practiced by the organizational leaders. A leader can be defined as the person who is capable of influencing and monitoring a cluster of people towards the attainment of common goals. A leader can also be examined as such person who has numerous followers. Furthermore, a leader requires performing his duties well and capable of showing proper path to his group members so that the goals can be achieved. He must be able to convince the followers to follow his path as well as reward them for doing so. Leaders who are focused upon their principles and values tend to be successful at larger scale. There are majorly seven principles that need to be followed by the leaders to be successful. They are accepting accountability, continuation of learning through practice, sincerity, antic ipation of the results, admiration for individuals and families, leading with integrity and establishment of the goals. There are theories presupposing that as the group tends to mature, the leaders are capable of varying his or her leadership style. However, there are leaders who may not change and therefore have a preferred leadership style. There are situations when the leaders may require adapting their leadership style so that they can fit any given situation. Therefore, it is significant for the leaders to be self-aware.... During the times of tough competition and other challenges, the company was engaged in preparing a model that demonstrates the way automakers as well as the CEOs of the company needs to handle the harsh conditions and do the needful. It had been noticed that Mulally was trying to integrate constancy of purposes along with lucidity and teamwork in managing culture at Ford Motors (Yale School of Management, 2010). It was Alan Mulally who had accelerated the company’s restructuring plan. Under his leadership, the huge losses incurred by the company along with the falling market have been reversed, thereby ensuring that the company had a strong balance sheet. It can be noted that it was under his leadership that Ford Motors was successful at selling off Aston Martin, Land Rover as well as Volvo (Yale School of Management, 2010). The esteemed Taurus brand had been revived and the company was capable of expanding the Lincoln brand under the leadership of Alan Mulally. Furthermore, t he stakes held by the company in Mazda was withdrawn. Ford Motors was capable of delivering high quality products which were fuel efficient, elegantly designed and safe. The strategies were so developed by Alan Mulally that the company was successful in meeting the needs and demands of the customers by making complete utilization of the resources. This led to full year profit as noted in 2009 and in the first quarter of 2010. The sales of the company surmounted for all types of products and the best thing to notice is related to the fact that the sales of the company was capable of earning triple to the overall growth of the industry (Yale School of Management, 2010). It had been

Once upon a time Essay Example for Free

Once upon a time Essay These mechanical birds are books, with many wings, meaning pages. The body shrieking without pain is laughter and the eyes melting are the readers tears. Model T is a room with the lock inside A key is turned to free the world For movement, so quick there is a film To watch for anything missed. These seventh and eighth stanzas are talking about a car. This is simple as Raine refers to Model T, a well-known car. Raine says it is a room because you go inside of the car and you are away from the outside world. You need a key to turn the car on and off and to lock the car. As you read on, you can see some of the poets influences for his writing. Raine is participating in a very ancient poetic ancient tradition. If you look at the poem as a series of riddles to be deciphered by the reader, then that takes us back centuries to the riddle poems in Anglo Saxon literature. In stanzas 10-13, the following lines are- In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, That snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it To their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling it with a finger. This is a reference to a phone, a haunted apparatus. If it cries- rings, we pick it up to our lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds, meaning we speak into it. If we tickle it with a finger, we dial into it. The following lines have possibly the most bizarre descriptions of the whole poem- Only the young are allowed to suffer Openly. Adults go to a punishment room With water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises Alone. No one is exempt And everyones pain has a different smell. These are probably the hardest stanzas in the poem, but with some hard thinking, the lines all make sense- A punishment room with just water is a bathroom. When Raine writes, only the young are allowed to suffer openly he is talking about a baby getting their nappies changed in the open. Yet, us adults have to go to the bathroom and suffer our pain alone. Raine has written three exceptional stanzas, nobody really thinks about their own or other peoples daily use of the toilet. It is generally unspoken about and could almost be seen as a taboo subject, not to be raised in public. The last two stanzas end on a peaceful note- At night when all the colours die, They hide in pairs And read about themselves In colour, with their eyelids shut. This is a normal full day seen in the Martians eyes. It has now come to an end, reading about yourself in colour with your eyes shut, is quite obviously understood as dreaming. These two poems both share one very significant subject which links them together overall, but it is important to state first the similarities and differences between each persons work. Gabriel Okara seems to feel strongly about the idea of such falseness in our mannerisms and ways of speaking in everyday western life, as it is not like the hospitable place his homeland was. Gabriel Okara seems to be speaking from his own mind, about how he feels about this environment. Craig Raine has been born and bred in England, and doesnt talk about a strange westernised country like Gabriel Okara, but about life on this planet in general. Craig Raine does not seem to be annoyed at our everyday customs (or if he is, he hides it in his wording very well), merely humoured at how humans generally structure their lives. With Gabriel Okaras style of writing, there are no riddles to unveil and his poem is structured very differently in contrast to Craig Raines. Okara simply starts with Once upon a time, son, which is straightforward enough, rather than Caxtons are mechanical birds with wings, which can baffle most readers. Gabriel Okara is quite dark about the cold place he has come to, not at all like his native Nigeria. He certainly did not intend to humour the readers. I think that Raine wrote this poem to give his mind a rest from the real world. Perhaps he wrote it for pleasure and humor. I think this would be an enjoyable type of poem to write. Raine wanted his readers to be humored, to see life through somebody elses eyes, who has never seen life on Earth before. Also, the Martian seems merely bemused by human life and our everyday rituals. Mysteriously, the Martian never discusses what life on his planet was like, unlike Gabriel Okara whom describes the warmth he used to experience before. However, despite these many differences, the poets come together on one extremely important subject. It is, the way we take our lives for granted while others, unsuspectingly wander around feeling confused at all the social and physical complexities of the strange and alien world around them. The poets both write about separate characters commenting on their experience in another place, and not feeling at ease with it as the other members of the population are. It is true that one poem is quite dark and the other is lighthearted, the stanzas and couplets are differently placed, the wording is different etc, but overall, the characters in question are both feeling out of place and confused about all the common perplexities. They comment on life on this Earth we experience every day and take for granted. We hardly notice how a car may sound to an outsider or how It was nice having you here today with us could hurt a guest or client who knows you didnt mean what you said. We are all so accustomed to our lives; we do not think much of how it may seem to anybody else who has never been in that state of environment.

Agriculture In More and Less Developed Countries Essay -- Agriculture

Dark, thick smoke rises from the engine of a huge tractor that is plowing the plains of Dumas, Texas with enough power and technology to plow fifteen rows at one time. While just overseas in Pakistan a farmer works to plow one row in his field with the help of his oxen. Both farmers come home late at night, one just the same as the other, but the work they have accomplished for the day will be drastically different. The farmer in Pakistan farms 2.5 acres of land hoping to use what he harvests for feeding his family and his village. The farmer in Dumas farms 500 acres of land, which is 200 times the size of the farmer's land in Pakistan, and he uses what he harvests to make a living and to sell to grocery stores in the United States. Agriculture is practiced all over the world but agriculture in one country can be far different than in another country. The world can be divided into the less developed countries, where the output of the farm is used on or near the farm where it i s produced, and the more developed countries, where the farmer sells the crops and livestock. There are some major differences between what we do in the United States and what others do in other countries concerning agriculture. As one can see, agriculture is a very important way of life for many different people all over the world. The uses of agriculture are very different throughout the world considering whether the country is more or less developed. First, we must define agriculture and determine how agriculture began. Agriculture is the deliberate modification of Earth's surface by cultivating or caring for plants and rearing animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain (1). So how did agriculture begin in the United States? Before agric... ..., so maybe someday they can be more fortunate in their living conditions. Through agriculture, we as humans are surviving together as we provide for each other. Works Cited: 1. Rubenstein, James M. An Introduction To Human Geography. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996. Sources of Information 2. "History of Agriculture." 199?. http://www.ag.usask.ca/cofa/displays/college/plains/history.html (16 April 1998) 3. "The Nation and the People." 1996. http://www.prica.org/indonesia/nation_people/econ2.html#Agri (16 April 1998) 4. "Pakistan Goverment - Agriculture." 199?. http://www.pak.gov.pk/govt/agri7.htm(16 April 1998) 5. http://www.ext.missouri.-edu/agebb/commag/index.htm (16 April 1998) 6. Deterling, Del. "Grain Growers Look South for Markets" 1998. http://www.progressivefarmer.com/markets/0498/south/index.html (16 April 1998)

Emr Innovations

Case 3 EMR Innovations Table of Contents Executive summary3 Introduction& problem /issues identification4 EMR’s product and how is attempting to market4 External Analysis6 Opportunities6 RV industry6 RV culture6 Threats7 Competitors7 Analysis and recode current situation8 Internal analysis8 RVs internal weakness and strength8 EMR Innovations internal weakness and strength9 Marketing Audit10 RV’s Current Marketing Strategy10 Main objective10 Main targets10 RV’s Problems11 Alternative Strategies12 Marketing and distribution of the lock- awn12Recommended Strategy13 Executive summary Reynolds are a young couple that transferred their interest over RV’s (recreational vehicles) into a profitable business. Their main objective was to be the â€Å" the supplier of innovative RV products†. Eric Reynolds came up with innovative product called â€Å"Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device† , he thought that this product would achieve their goal and repaired RV d eficiencies. They wanted to market their product through their own company †EMR Innovations† , so that they believed that they need to pecify various fields with different point ;product , customer, money , competitor and â€Å"Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device† marketing strategies . The report analysis involve the main external and internal factors that would influence their marketing strategy ( SWOT analysis ) . Then analysis the current RV’s strategies and how their plans detail with the marketing variables of product, price, place and promotion ( four Ps of marketing) which are used to attain the marketing plan’s objectives and overall strategies. There are three variables distribution channels ( direct and in direct ) according to their alternative strategy.Than recommended strategies. Introduction& problem /issues identification EMR’s product and how is attempting to market Eric Reynolds and Mary Reynolds are a young couple that transferre d their interest over RV’s (recreational vehicles) into a profitable business. In 1995, the Reynolds started an RV repair business , and by 1999 they open their own shop in Amana, Iowa , since the business became large. On 2002, their business had steadily grown . However, they aspired to be â€Å" the supplier of innovative RV products† . For that reason Eric Reynolds innovate an innovative products that helped or repaired RV deficiencies.They though that this innovative products, which called â€Å"Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device† for RV patio Awnings, may provide great potential for future investments. â€Å"Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device† would protect the internal lock awning mechanism from tear, and prevent it from billow in the wind, in order to reduce accident and increase the efficiency rate. Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device became so effective idea to the Reynolds that they invested $10,000 of their own money to develop a prototype, and they had as sistance and support from an industry research center.Since they wanted to market this product through a new company† EMR Innovations† , they need to analysis different filed with different point . The main five point in the case ( According to Reynolds view point ) are : 1. Product Eric and Mary were confident about their prototype product , they had a sure winner in the Lock-Awn, however they were unsure about it . 2. Customer They had potential customers who had seen the product as positive product, however they were unsure about other customers satisfaction. 3.Money They had no enough budget and financial analyses to entry market. 4. Competitors They afraid of a potential competitor selling same product, which decrease the product successful chance. 5. How they would market â€Å"Lock-Awn Anti-Billowing Device† They had no market analyses ( marketing strategy ) to verify their belief. To address this need, Reynolds need to become with key decisions that relate d to picking the main target markets, the position, pricing, promotion, and distribution channels, and then they need to analyze the financial implications of their decisions.The end result of decision , will be a marketing strategy which will effectively launch the Lock-Awn product and EMR Innovations. External Analysis This analysis consists of analyzing the external environment of the company (competitors, social, technological, regulations, etc. ). The purpose is to identify the key opportunities and threats in the environment. Opportunities RV industry RV vehicles (RVs) are recreational vehicles combining transportation and temporary living quarter for recreation, camping and travel. RVs started early 1900s when nature enthusiasts customized their vehicles.The RV industry flourished after the World War II. In 2000, RV industry consisted of 135 manufacturers and more than 200 suppliers of parts and services. RVs are divided into two categories (motorhomes and towables) and five classes ranging from affordable vehicle to normal people up to luxury one ($ 500,000). In 2002, about 7. 5 million households owned an RV in US and projected to reach 8. 5 million in 2010. This offers great opportunity for EMR innovations to succeed since the RVs exist in considerable number and will grow in the future. RV culture As noticed, RVs are popular and used a lot in US.There is almost one RV in every 12 households according to study conducted by University of Michigan in 2001. The study estimated that there are 30 million RV enthusiasts including households and renters. The retired couples represent the greatest segment of RV enthusiasts since they are free and want to see the rest of the country. They used RVs for traveling since it offers convenience, comfort and freedom to go anywhere and anytime without plan in advance. Some of them are full-time on the road roaming around the country and live in RV. Thus, they want their accommodations to be as comfortable as possible .Most of them are willing to spend their money on accessories like auxiliary fuel tank, power booster and etc. In fact, Richard Dahl, RV owner, manufactured a water filter for RV plumping systems and sold it for $30. Later, he sold 300 more items and established new business for himself. This shows RV owners are willing to accept new ideas which eventually help EMR innovation to succeed. Threats Competitors People created so many types of awning lock to overcome billowing problems. However, most of them are homemade and people reported that they easily damaged.There is one commercial product called â€Å"Awning Saver†. Eric and Merry examined the product and found that it would not be a threat to their product since the awning saver is difficult to operate and looks similar to the homemade one. Therefore, there is no obstacle for the EMR innovation to enter the market. To sum up, the external factors show no threat for EMR innovation to enter the market. Analysis and recode c urrent situation Internal analysis RVs internal weakness and strength Weakness : * Design flaws May decrease RV deficiencies Most RVs suffered from design Flaws on patio awnings, which consider as one of the basic equipment on virtually all RV’s . * The fundamental problem is awning billowing problem in manually operated awnings. Strength * Have flourishing business encourage investment safely * RV consisted of 135 RV manufactures and more than 200 suppliers of component parts and services . * RV had positive economic forecast , although they faced breakdown of RV ownership on 2001. * There was large motivation on their industry and had high rate of enthusiasts customized . In United State , there was a big interest in domestic ground travel * RVers were an adventuresome group have deep experience about what people want at traveling . * Their price was suitable for consumer from all standard of living. * Their prices are more affordable prices compared to competitors . EMR In novations internal weakness and strength Weakness : * Inactive side of the product : * High costs to produce, promote and distribute, their product. * EMR prototype is just an idea and not formulated into any type of industry organization. Most of RV’s people solve the patio awning problem by themselves. * Did not have a well marketing plan * No develop marketing or promotion strategies . * Reynolds Lack of knowledge to develop, sell , and manufacture a new product , since they did not attend college . * No enough money resources . * Have multitasks ( ex: Mary have to care about her 3 children and make bookkeeping for RV repair shop ) . strength : * Have an effective prototype products and ideas * Their products are good in appearance and design . * Easy to install . * Convenient in use and store. ease of operation compared with competitors. * Targets all segment. * Had support and consulting from an industry research center . * Were acquainted with RVs industry . * Had perso nal experience through their repair business. * Their work was flourished and their business had steadily grown . Marketing Audit RV’s Current Marketing Strategy Main objective The main objective of RV’s marketing strategy is to a attract the largest number of people of all ages, by providing their needs ,and satisfy all parties ( company and customer ), in order to achieve the customer values ( benefits and costs ) .As result they try to combined between transportation and temporary living quarters for camping , traveling ,and recreation . Main targets RV’s strategies are clearly directed to the main target , who is well defined , by providing different types of vehicles with different design and suitable prices according to the target level . * Main targets are : * Nature enthusiasts customized * Who have interest in domestic ground travel * Who tend to keep their vehicles for long time RV’s Problems †¢RV’s problems Symptoms problem Accordin g to 2001 survey data, the RV’s face breakdown of RV ownership, illustrated in Exhibit 2. it would be because of the design flaw ) . Current problem Most of RV’s owners focused on â€Å"awning billowing problem â€Å", where the company filed to come out with solution that fix the problem Potential problem May â€Å"awning billowing problem† will affect the economic forecast for the RV industry. This problem may be as opportunity to Reynolds or can be ignore it, since most of RV’s people solve the patio awning problem by themselves. †¢Marketing mix (Four P’s). * Product Vehicles that combined transportation and temporary living quarters for camping , recreation , and travel. It can be used by people of all ages and levels. * Enhance flexibility , convenience and freedom * Characterized by comfort, amenities and enjoyment during travel . * Place its available across United State ( for who have interest in domestic ground travel) * Promotion * Price Prices vary between types of vehicles, related to the options that product provide . Towables| Price | Include folding camping trailers| $5,000 – $10,000 | Truck campers, affixed to the bed or chassis of the truck | $10,500| Conventional travel trailers | $13,000| Fifth wheel trailers | $25,000 – $ 80,000|Motorhomes| Price| Class C | $ 35,000| Most luxurious Class A| Over $500,000| Alternative Strategies Marketing and distribution of the lock- awn Three viable distribution channels: * Mail order product: direct internet traffic to a Lock- Awn Web site. This will cost $ – 2000- $3000. * Workampers Group: indirect because dealers had option to sell the product. A one-time Ad cost $100 and 25% discount off the retail price * Distribution method: indirect because very difficult to get camping world to sell the Lock- Awn since it required strong sale record Advertisement to support selling effortHere are some ways of advertisement suggested by Mary: 1. Adverti se in Popular RV magazines; Motor Home & Trailer Life. Their circulation was 1. 5 million. A 1/3 page black & white 4 times would cost $ 25000. 2. Advertise in RV- related Web sites for minimal or no cost. 3. Develop Promotional brochures detailing for high quality- 4 color the printing cost about $1500 for $10000. 4. Promote and demonstrate the Lock – Awn at RV shows and rallies. Travels cost approximately $ 1800. 5. Ask RV trade publications to evaluate and feature the product in their column. 6. Generate discussion about the product in RV chat rooms. . Use the networking systems like RV clubs and forums to spread the information of the product. Recommended Strategy 1- It's recommended to adopt the free advertisement like RV- related Web sites, Ask RV trade publications by light column, RV clubs and RV chat rooms. 2- After one year they can advertise in costly because they have cash flow and can choose Promote and demonstrate the travels cost approximately $ 1800, Promotion al brochures detailing for high quality- 4 color the printing cost about $1500 for $10000 and Their circulation was 1. 5 million. A 1/3 page black ; white 4 times would cost $ 25000.