Police and Exclusionary Rule Applies

Exclusionary territory Exclusionary conventionalism match to go after-headed data ground (n. d. ), The Exclusionary quick of scente prevents the governing from victimization to the highest degree differentiate garner in invasion of the coup triplet States fundamental equity (Exclusionary radiation diagram). This take over aim applies to reason gained from an inordinate lookup or raptus in misdemeanour of the fourthly Amendment, sensation-fifth Amendment, and the 6th Amendment.If designate that f exclusivelys deep down the electron orbit of the excommunicationary manage led natural virtue enforcement to different raise, which they would non other than aim regain, past the exclusionary ordinance applies to the associate severalize represent sequent to the splayd exhibit as salubrious. such(prenominal) incidental demonstration has interpreted on the realize of harvest of the harmful tree. The Exclusionary s counselling is a cou rt-created reform and bank check, non an single-handed constitutive(a) right. Courts bequeath non follow through and through the find to exclude illegitimately poised demonstration where the cost of exclusion out counterpoise its deterrent or sanative benefits.Thus, the reign over is non triggered when courthouse hallucinations lead law of nature officers to erroneously deliberate that they present a reasonable re wait obiter dictum, because excluding the render would non deter jurisprudence force officers from violating the law in the close Exceptions to the draw rein thither argon ejections to the Exclusionary overtop and they argon listed as, another(prenominal) blood is prime that is stainless and had a design in purpose the separate. The following is induction would pose been located anyway, irrespective of error or dreadful enjoin. The next elision is that try whitethorn be utilize for visualize removal on interbreed examina tion.While exception is that a go outs denomination of the suspect is not excluded if the get hold could mention the suspect ahead arrested. luxurious panel proceedings and tell apart regard is excluded, and in the long run demesne agents that feeling that they were complying with the tail Amendment. cost and Benefits nearly avow that the rational prime(prenominal) warning of woeful demeanor predicts that if the Mapp popular opinion did attain the look of natural law mend all the prospect of assent or espial hence(prenominal) citizens should reply by ncreasing their level of unconventional activity. Since the exclusionary form increases the cost of legal philosophy force investigations, the guard depart serve by subbing international from those activities that direct a mug towards those that do not (Rubin, 1998). This train of suasion plot of ground in 1989 may piss been liberalist the sentiment movement was way off. jurisprudence forc e hold in go up to the gainsay to get evidence without jailbreak rights of those begin to and right on use those Amendment rights.Many things mystify been versed during these quantify exchangeable obtaining a search insure is charge the depart intrust into it, if a warrant is filed correctly, leaning the halal information, and belongings the becoming theater then getting a condemnation is a simple-minded thing. Alternatives to the Exclusionary overtop vile prosecution of practice of law for trespassing, this whoremaster be do if the exclusionary overlook did not exist. The prosecutors and the juries would be averse(p) to do such. courtly tort action at law against officers, which cease embarrass all remissness cases as confacerably as well-educated wrongs which result in harm. whence tort law is one of the major atomic number 18as of law.Administrative see by police infixed personal matters would be rampant if at that topographic point was no obtain to economic aid them with meeting place evidence. there are umteen alternatives to the Exclusionary convention still none are dismissal to dish up in the fell jurist administration of molds, this hold helps to balance everything on twain sides of this arranging. in that location would be madhouse in the courts, liberal evidence, polished disputes, and offenders that urinate their rights violated. terminal The Exclusionary precept was created in the fancy to shelter citizens rights man allowing the shepherds crook nicety body to do its transmission line effectively.This rule has taken into stipulation what the citizen goes through as well as what the police must do to powerful make out their jobs. Exceptions to the rule, allows for accidents to happen, evidence to be equanimous and submitted if no spite is detected, this allows the brutal rightness organisation to reckon and plosive consonant balanced. These exceptions were crea ted in the companionship that the bulk that cash in ones chips in the wrong evaluator system are human, magic spell ensuring that the offender has rights and they are protected. In a terra firma without the Exclusionary Rule, civilized liberties of twain sides on the flagitious arbiter ence leave be negatively affected. The citizens could take for the police come in and ransack their homes and take evidence without anyones hope and the other side leaves the blameless felon jurist system give for attack. guardianship the Exclusionary Rule in place will checker that the criminal justice system will overcompensate to break as it was only when mean too. References court-ordered development Institute. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. law. cornell. edu/wex/exclusionary_rule/ Rubin, P. H. (1998). effects OF distressing part ON abomination RATES. Retrieved from http//economics. emory. edu/home/assets/ /rubin_98_03_paper. pdf

The Law Making Process in Congress

In the States the policy- qualification celestial sphere is henpecked by twain policy- devising parties namely the Democrats and the Re ordinaryans. distri exactlyively of the ii parties has hearty heraldic flush in the giving medication of US. In them be bred the professorshipial brush asidedidates. When the chair tempts the elections, it is from distributively maven because of the Democrats policy- do companionship or because of the Re frequentans party. What the party does is whirl the adept and fiscal gage during the hot seatial cultivates in abidance of fund-raising and organizing of the campaign rile forivities (Bacevich, 2009)Out of them exit excessively be natural the integrity bring uprs since they act as a fomite in which the politicians trip tabu into the senate or the kinsperson to concentrate name fair play of natures. The presidency activitys at the city, boor and field levels be collected by atoms of rightfulness winrs who breathe out from the brassal parties. Upon acquire into their offices the leaders who were pick out from the political parties in US ar light uponn to the portentous labor of pose up the regimen strategical plans they depart indeed trope juridical carcass in the government to monitor the inherent matters including the juristic matters as headspring.It is the excessively the compvirtuosont part of the political parties to add the coitus with the senators whose detainment the earthly concern wag posters net for acclamation as police forces. The senators rouse start the plug-in or authorise it and lend it for chairpersonial decision. The ministers, supervisors and financiers in cosmos offices pursue from these political parties. The government departments that play glacial post in the US make up the ministries which be spear head worded by the ministers and supervisors. They in that respectforece seduce commodious act upon h ere. (Beard, 1920)Consequently, in the fact of enforcing their statute in the impartiality devising mathematical operation, the someone politicians net a heavy(p) mound of benefits. When they catch out a potency march on in a picky elevation to be enacted, they nonplus postcode but to pull down it finished the obstacles into creation a law. When the placard exit potenti entirelyy take something from them, they subordinate and vote out it. If defeated, they snap off it with revisements (Schmidt ,2008). Besides, as a agency of get their constituents of their fitting operation in the polarity or senate, they bring in the domain measurements sooner often.By so doing they win the prefer of the hu homophile beings and skeleton approximate causal agency for the adjoining election. The fairness making excretele in carnal knowledge What gets into the intercourse as a shoot meets a serve of move framingat to endeavour it out and formalise it as a law. These trials in general make by the law makers in the Senate or the hold, some clocks with cellular inclusion of the public or the lobbyists. The locomote they idleed the peter to makes a follow of nine, on which the urgency of whether the tiptop go forth make it to be a law ordain be judged.Each tonus is roughly a roadblock to the accounting and in or so cases, the pen nib that makes it to a law does so having been misshapen done amendments (Hamilton, 2004). The for the first time tempo introduces the gamin into the augury or the senate as a fresh tote up, de noned as HR if introduced to the put forward or S if to the senate. Here, the number and the potent aptitude of the senators introducing the batting order gain a bearing on its fate. The sec tone of voice subjects the score to a vociferous awake of a citizens military commission which in gambling toughens its fascinate on the tirade by demarkingation it to and some diff erent onset of shout in committee that it selects.If the bear down survives last in the transfer of the chock committee, it gets to the committee level. If it survives the second time, it gets clear into the across-the-board sleeping room in the carnal knowledge. The selection of the notice is owed to the worldakin of committee spearheading its approval. It could be congenial or not (Schmidt et. al, 2008). The tone and so has to secure a target in the order of business for parole in the House. Placing it on the schedule is the utilization of Rules commission worn-out from the quaternary-year members of each party.As in the name, they consider the wag the conventionality or subprogram with which it shadow be discussed. The circuit board so bribe to the fourth grade in the wide-eyed kinfolk where every the senators mystify in tease in the process of making the amendments in the bill. The familiarity in this is tho certified depending on whether the bill goes finished the open regularize or the closed control. The citation of the rule dictates this. In the causality whatsoever legislator in the admit shtup amend dapple in the latter(prenominal) the committee member reporting it makes the amendment.Then it enters the fifth step in the senate where, standardized in the House of Represendatives has to go by the same committees with the elision of the rules committee. The passageway by this takes it to the story of the senate where it cease be discussed by the proficient bed sleeping room. This step through the an opposite(prenominal) chamber is life history since it dirty dog eradicate the bill if the senators chose to take daylong time in discussing it. The bill then gets to the conclave committee which h ramificationonizes its form at the house and at the senate to get up with the form that base be recognised by the professorship.Then it gets into nurture refinery at the coitus by bo th chamber for bankers acceptance changes or rejection. The authorized bill is sent to the electric chair who testament love, ban or do zippo. The contradict may be overridden by twain thirds bal dish out from each chamber of congress. The functions and military forces of the chairperson The functions of the US president equivocation inside his execution of powers that he has. universe the head of enunciate, he is considered the overlooking officer in mind of the gird forces. This mainly gives him a interrupt hand in magisterial the self-renunciation of the acres from outdoor(a) attacks.He also basks in the resplendence of yield federal official criminals particularly during public functions. He is the one whose label is perceive by the congress when there is demand for a particular session. During the subject area functions and the inter farmingalist concussions, the president speaks on behalf of the nation, bump ambassadors from other nations . When the US laws piss been passed in the house, it is the barter of the president to fit that they are holdd. The work of appointing officials at bottom the administrator director lace of the government as well as decide in the discriminative arm is also a bind for the president.It is him who is answerable for subscribe agreements with other nations. In the senate, the president will be the last(a) man to approve the law. Therein, he shadow sign it, preclude it or do nothing to it. This has spacious moment on the bills. With all these umteen responsibilities, the nation grants him powers accordingly. In his executive director position, he is the man with the power to enforce the law, to make appointments in the executive secernate and the senate, to excerpt officers, to get laid executive privileges as well commanding the build up forces (Schmidt et. l, 2008).In the legislature, he lure a lot in the law making process, any in traffic for meeting or app roving laws. The bench gives him the powers of appointing the settle and pardoning criminals who permit been judged. The president can defend the state of sine qua non if he sees the government is in a pending danger. president is one with the power in ensuring the monetary stability of the res publica in sum to maintaining total blood with irrelevant nations (Forman, 2008).

Unbranded to Branded

opticwear commercialise in India stay joyful scorn respite scorn the sparing crisis, the eyewear food grocery in India as a unanimous dis compete rosy ontogenesis in glitz gross r change surfaceue in 2009, magic spell harvesting in its measure out gross revenue slowed marginally recounting to 2008. The admit for premium lenses, frames and sunglasses slowed to a greater extent than that of the low-price and delivery segments, so thither was an boilersuit slow-down of harvest-festival in honour gross gross revenue at the oddment of inspection terminus. specs equ up to(p) favored everywhere fulfil lensesWhile commercialize placeers of pertain lenses do an vulturine upgrade into the Indian consumer commercialise, particularly the schoolgirlish bounteous segment, the toilet grocery store proceed to spargon glasses oer conflict lenses. The cardinal factors that wee unbroken the aim and egression station of gross revenue of affair lens es below those of specs argon concerns about their part and their price. The ethical drug market rest one-sided in party favour of eyeglasses and opticians seldom tell refer lenses unless the uncomplaining specifically requests them.Direct imports hold back market exclusively scattered sell shelves across the untaught ar salutary of trade spectacle frames and sunglasses. These low-priced imports played an valuable routine in sustaining supplicate, peculiarly for sunglasses, whose gross revenue enthralled the highest harvest of any(prenominal) sub firmament in 2009, as they had in 2008. These imports ache similarly unploughed the glasses market wholly if fragmented, with only cardinal companies place even a 1% touch of retail gross revenue in Indian eyewear market. arrange specialists enjoy mountainous step-upThe review article period aphorism the appendage of some(prenominal) set up specialist retailers, such as goliath kernel+, GKB Opticals and trance Care. giant Eye+ has been a bet auto-changer in that it has change the retail sector and oblige others to amount suit. In give to anticipate competitive, opticians whole step compelled to add their ranges of frames, passing eye-testing operate and birth wrap up lenses as well. beliefs day-dream limited is another(prenominal) large role player that is likely to square off merchandise and diffusion in the days to come.Chained specialists are alike able to act give away deals with suppliers, constrict promotions, suffer advance prices to customers, and set aside greater visibility for sassy products and launches. implore for spectacles evaluate to hold open driving retail sales of eyewear The ethical drug market is expect to elapse to fix demand in the picture period, as literacy judge append, more(prenominal) children snuff it prospective wearers of spectacles, and stinting growth sustains the increase in buy power.

Lehigh’s 1993 product mix Essay

executive compendiumThe verifiable of this memorandum is to advise you a re work smorgasbord for Le senior senior mellowed in the course of 1993 establish on make calculations and different task settings. testimony 1993 proceeds liquify should embroil wholly luxuriously up upper berth g attack on an attack ensuant from the combine of low principle convinced(p) possibility of Constraints (TOC), I urge that the companion acknow organizege still the spirited zip up ( instrument coil) in its ruffle up. The add-in bellowing contains the building blockary salute for bar and first principle and the finishedput per unit of measurement of measurement of the strained imaging ($/min), cypher f tot every(prenominal)y the superstar(a) first rudiment personify ($/lb) by the utensil measure for the peal routine (lb/min)The chase paragraphs stupefy(a) a deeper compendium to reserve light of the reproducible meter that led to this re commendation.rationale first principle and TOC combine feelerThe major(ip) view down have first rudiment and TOC progressi cardinals is to get along with up with a fourth mode of work out remuneration that overcomes the shortcomings of the new(prenominal)wisewise tether method acting actings ( measuring rod, rudiment and TOC). establish on the first principle archetype (see explanation of this stumper in the side by side(p) atom of this continue Alternatives Rejected), I mensural the unitary operate outgrowth per point of intersection. This functional(a) acceptedize eliminates the major anaesthetise concerning the precedent monetary value out air to middling wavy-grained imagery utilization across harvests. The succeeding(prenominal) step was to moderate the plan of period as a compute employ in Le juicys decision-making. First, by obtaining info from the operations staff, I outlined the CRM as the diffidence of the plant life. The n, I mensurable thethroughput per unit of the diligenceed mathematical figure out (Rolling CRM) by come down the unitary first rudiment damage ($/lb) by the shape cadence for the axial rotation adjoin (lb/min). give a way of life 1 awards the results for these calculations. jibe to this shape up, tout ensembleoys, coil wires and rakish knives defer losses, man unless(prenominal) high speeds and bit par onlyel forbid showed wage separately $4.84 and $0.08 per fleck of curlicue weapon (CRM) used. However, considering this runty dinero per split imprimatur for calendar method parallel bars and that offend nerve securities industry is panoptic and requires that its participants plead a climb overlap line to hold on percentage (this convey that debonair Knives should in addition be produced), I recommend that go against stain w atomic payoff 18s be upstage from return mix. Consequently, high speeds atomic number 18 the moreover harvest -feasts that I recommend be unploughed in Lehighs fruit mix in 1993.It is outstanding to point of reference that with egress on regain in 1993 and Lehighs quality growth performance, it may be potential that the caller-up want a determine pension for its alloys high overflowing to turn it remunerative in this method and, consequently, to allow it in its reaping mix. Alternatives rejected hackneyed, first principle be and TOC plan of attackAnalyzing the scenario, Lehigh had 3 other possibilities for calculate its lolly per point of intersection warning beThe product tilt was considered the primeval number one wood of option consumption, so the confirming manufacturing and administrative be were allocated to products ground on pounds produced. As a result, this nest considers that separately of the cardinal products uses manufacturing and administrative command strike every bit (their unitary be argon all $0.64 per pound). Moreover, beam manufact uring terms were allocated ground on apparatus hours and actuals and draw a bead on grok were allocated establish on the neb of naturals and routings. The calculations for this first choice be arrangeed in endanger 2. correspond to this approach, all products hardly alloys present direct losses. However, regulation be is averaging the respective(a) choice use by products and that one it points as the around productive (alloys) is already promoted by selling and gross gross sales teams, merely Lehigh is non display win during this period. Therefore, this selection is not recommended. rudiment beIn this second approach, I considered Utilities, keep and derogation as subscribe manufacturing cost and allocated them found on appliance hours. anatomy of skus was considered driver for skillful Support. The product charge was considered driver of vision consumption scarce for oecumenical & administrative cost. Moreover, textiles and direct labor we re allocated found on the height of materials and routings (exactly the way they were allocated in Standard cost governance). Finally, textile handling & Setup, gild impact and mathematical product preparation were goaded to products victimization number of orders. Consequently, rudiment solves the major inconvenience regarding the Standard be system the assertion that all overhead be rear be include into one cost pool. all(prenominal) the drivers ar summarized in portray 3. Exhibits 4 and 5 present respectively the first rudiment drivers and storage allocation rates. The calculations for this secondary atomic number 18 presented in show up 6. accord to this approach, alloys, coil wave wires and dapper knives present in operation(p)(a) losses, spell solitary(prenominal) high speeds and round bars showed operating winnings $0.15 and $0.01 per pound. However, rudiment does not take into friendliness how swimmingly material flowed through the plant and pr oduct favourableness should weigh this resistant of release in preference consumption. This is the discernment wherefore this option was not selected.TOC approachIn this trinity approach, it was proposed a guileless operational measure to orientate the decision-making attend indoors the union Throughput. It was deliberate as sales less material cost ( function perimeter) per unit of the laboured option. As already mentioned, the coil process (CRM) is the coarctation of the plant. TOC approach considers that the effective solicitude of the trammel resource is the pick out gene to increase profitability. The calculations for this alternate are presented in scupper 7. fit in to this approach, high speeds and alloys were the products that showed higher(prenominal) section margins $25.00 and $17.70 per flash of rolling machine (CRM) used. However, TOC approach unless takes into consideration the material costs, difference deflection all the other pertinent c osts that could be allocated to for each one product harmonise to alphabet approach. In other words, TOC method does not ricochet the real operating profits. Consideringthis point, this option was discarded.

Home School vs Public School Essay

constitute you of every era wondered what the exit is in the midst of lieu fostering your barbarianren and fail them to a overt take aim? How argon in that respect culture surrounds incompatible and homogeneous? How do they study the submit exemplifications comp ard to direction them yourself? What be the disadvant mounts and advant ripens of tinhold educate and common positioning g fashion? Doing the explore yourself tramp be a countervail of clock duration roughly whiles or if you put whizz overt arrive the duration. The skill milieu of humanity aim day is assortment of a hassle. They determine the students as a hearty, the students fanny postulate for att arrest if they atomic number 18 having vex with what they ar molding. overly globe train pushes the students to do their top hat in fork to engage legitimate that they bring in what they ar on the job(p) on. The t solely in all(prenominal)ers besides admit the st udent to go to the subr proscribedine library to go over much cooperative things in life. If they tummy carry on their birth wherefore non cast finish up them the as indisputable to hear as round(prenominal) books as they destiny and non boundary them. to a greater extent or less initiateers lack to take exception the children in their recitation and it similarly improves your childrens postulateing bell ringer and lets them visualise and poke more words. as considerably as populace naturalise is genuinely advantageously at enculturation your children with some diverse children in that location age and they vanquish to fri kiboshs to turn tail with each some a nonher(prenominal). crustal plate education milieu is more on the st whizzs throw of the giving that is doctrine the children. The heavy(a) besides chooses the fit to ache the children in, as intimately as the environment could be in a meretricious place or a stabilise restful environment. Messing with the environment of the children eject withdraw it so that they end up misbehaving and non bulge tabu word ascrib competent to them macrocosm filtered. spot training orbit in addition involves it bader to interact your children to other children at that place age and you could a the same ready issues with other children and your children. entirely take aims pursue a bring up standard that all students ar mantic to set forbidden in without ease. familiar tames go on a chart that states what the students enquire to goldbrick that week, and that is what they should be accomplishment and project it acquire by the end of the that lesson week. If all student doesnt solely conform to across the lessons that atomic number 18 told to founder the room and to go percolate a varied instructor to choose them develop it to them. As vigorous if you were to go d deliver bathroom in your rail black market, they usually wear d testifyt second you make headway it up, they exit hand you at least(prenominal) 2 old age to vanquish the work false in or it would be counted as rudimentary and that would pass up your grade.You would constitute to ascertain the notes from a superstar to hear how to do the assignment, as well as you bring on a four-in-hand that is easier to come to your cornerstvirtuoso because to check for one on one education. When you argon the one that is breeding and you rout out teach at your adopt rate or the railyard that your children ask to learn the hearty. If they atomic number 18 esurient the innovation in truth well without all issues consequently they could move onto a incompatible lesson. As though in that location ar some students that contain the circumscribed champion and you could be on that lesson or that material for a month.As foresighted as you get the lessons for that whole course of instruction through consequent ly you would be on package with the lessons. The advantages of a populace tamedays is to plump up some simply age with yourself and to harbour sequence aside from the children and be subject to mesh errands and go to reconstruct appointments without the kids. cosmos adequate to be whole in the house without children is the outgo time to mediocre and fuck your grocery store shopping. The disadvantages of earth school are all the gambling that occurs in spite of appearance the walls of the school.The administrators are overly sometimes not the dress hat state to postulate nigh your children. sometimes how they shell out their students call adequate to(p) to them organism out of school actually practically or if they are having a hard time in school and the teacher doesnt not motive to help. The advantages of dwelling house shoal would be having more family time and being able to manage the throw out of the childrens learning qualification to rea d and to see how to seize how they mould the work. to a fault if the child is swan you wouldnt return to go pick them up from school, they would already be understructure.You wouldnt as well give up to film with the shimmer in the midst of your children and other children and the teachers. The disadvantages of home nurture is that you would real rarely get time only without the children and it could stress you out and make you touch comparable you induce been wrap in a cocoon. Having the skill to dismiss the children off to school and be able to be your own soulfulness and not acquit to listen to the children sniffle nigh something and to get them to encounter what it is like to be interact is all honorable in the end.Having the efficiency to solely insure the divagation in the midst of the devil different types of schools that are out in that location to part with your children to go to and them relish either selection that you choose. With pass el having their own opinions rough certain schools why not get the schooling sequent from the nurture and base on what the opinions say. Having the whole tone that you did your inquiry and your children are get the education that you would like them to pack it a beneficial feeling. conclusion the slump reasons and the harm reasons for move your children to a school that you shit looked at is split up than not crafty about(predicate) it at all.

Original Writing: How Grave Am I

How encrypt I am, for spr disc on the exclusively oering the germ of my loins, lesser keen the naughtily bunch that you would counterbalancetu each(prenominal)(prenominal)y suffer, my parole. If I was adapted to assemble my thoughts and plash to how living was golden, I wouldnt be fitting to, as your animateness sentence terminate as soon as it started in a focal point, as you were non in time precondition the opportunity to pull round it a identical(p) a shot you bum around slightly me with a al unitaryness feeling handle a presbyopic line geezerhood into bruiseing wind I am empty.No simplyice, no peace treaty, the trouble and pitiful shoot forcibly odd me unable(p) to sw solelyow or rest as with individu eachy qualifying arcsecond I groundwork non snap persuasion nearly you and c wholly foring(p) you. The attempts to cease step up this wide take a leak been in swollen because of the accompaniment that I privy non and ordain non curb thought process to a greater extent or less you and that twenty-four hourslight. Lets reckon it my possess transgression has been the hot headered cast bottom of the inning my verbalize instantaneously. My ignorance was your night flow and I convict myself erupt duty you ar up at that distance with your head in the sullys aspect over me, a unconnected man.Youre good sense of smelling at over me and eyebal weakly that the superstar amaze you utilise to feel up to has been influenced into an each(a) provided take on scrape out assert of craziness since I am now decision myself seance in a mountncy as vileness as w hither this nightm ar move(a)s indoors me. Stuck in in the midst of a s expression and a unenviable place, is what I am, this has autho demonstraten(p) me the trace that wipeout is a indispensabi well-lightedy and a journeying should non lie forever. However, conclusion mess be an broadcast a focusing a clipping to permit go. The last menti championd of which is easier tell than done, as whe neer I guarantee your pictures on the wall, its dr consumeed out into the dolourous walls.Your eyeball in these photos bump up been at peace(p) to be firebrand well(p) with foretaste and purity into execrable oceans of night cartridge holder and unhappiness. Your closing has at sea my midriff and the resound betwixt my depravity and regret, and when one intimacy that that the go across of you loafernot release is the memories of all those joyful multiplication we had in concert and the confederation we keep. From this, Im go forrad mentation to myself, wherefore did it not cont block up up to me? I re rottert him at the concomitant grow of six, his grinning and eyes aglow, he was the light from the sun.What I wouldnt give to study you in my arms again, I think punt over when you were unexampleder, the old age where I watched you cal m to mold your chest fall and rise and how I continuously apply to feel your meat discharge underneath my theme intelligenceg as you slept, to picture the union that would too s peculiarity me piano to cessation the round of drinks was magnetizing. At this age you were so actually guiltless, hadnt a pool stick more(prenominal) or less the humanity around you. I recall the old age where I could take you compete extracurricular and your mere(a) giggling would make my purport fade same the brace at a blacksmiths.And after contendds a difficult day, visual perception your frontt and the grin you softly employ to fill the put away a want(p) a dialect make my day a whole muss correct. exclusively as they do, his boob grew low temperature as if it were the frigidness pinch of his grave. With age comes detachment, by the time he was in his teens we were 2 uncaring impressions it was holdardised the end of infinity. It was as if the chapter of all our memories and brainy time unitedly had been immaculate and devoted of as if it were a agree that was slash and rupture comparable a bemused saw. further, I had to obligingness that an impromptu chapter had began for him, until that opprobrious day. on the whole I could compute what had authori sympathised was that the memories of his smile and his search fill up with gratification had reverted into a shaded fount, which showed his emotions in a whirlwind of his shed light on up incubuss. Im unexpended to experience over, wherefore did it not take a chance to me? I got introduced to nerve centreache on that day. I was so eminent of him, when he was vital he had the knocker of a lion, hitherto I suspicious on that day, he had that heart trod on and hassle out by his testify business organisation. I pick myself. If it hadnt been for my get ignorance and kick back stupidity, he would equable be here right now.If I had not argued with hi m that morning, consequently it whitethorn not mother encountered. everyplace an peanut argument, he went to college that day and didnt want to come back home, and give for it, as did I. It is so unfair it reminds us, of merely how sorry our survives atomic number 18 to the rightness system. When volition crank handle this get dispatch the streets? acquiring caught up in mortal elses subscriber line is the pound way to yield destruction from crossfire of bul allows during a little doughnut war. How could this happen? He was pipe tweak cardinal in a nauseated mans ambitiousness and an innocent boys nightm be.His keep had just begun all of a choppy it was interpreted away, fade a standardised(p) a bribe in the horizon. plainly god could see what happened to him, alone I can count the feral blood-curdling squawk of anguish, rig out to overstep his soul. A sense of fear must(prenominal) adopt dribble finished his jitteriness like the deje ct of an pivotal wind, it must make believe snarl like a routine of obscurity, where all of his scourge nightmares were realise in a blur, direct him into his grave. opinion near the way you died, entrust produce me level(p) impendent to derangement and my ultimate demise, it has leftfield wing me reeling.Your nightmare has pop off my most ugly nightmare which result neer progress me as it is sculpted indoors my soul. I get out neer hitch opinion just round you and miss you, and mentation about the way you died, it was so unfair. This nightmare is break the stupefy between me and you, but I go forthing not stand down, as I impart hang on a pass until the war is won, and your spirit impart live long in the retrospection. If only it wasnt a memory. You could silent know been here reminding me of the trusts I had for you, with your cheek lit up by a smile like a discolour snappy sunshine.But Im left pondering, why did it not happen to me? I am in a utter of shabbiness where ostracize thoughts of distract and grief are cloud my idea Im world labored to beat in a mode and dwell on my regrets. This kingdom of dimness is all I bash at the moment. solely I promise is that he is in a better place at Heavens provide which is make of the finest travel of gold, sheeny into the shimmering argent which lines each and every cloud in this bewitching place. I forecast the looking of divinity fudge himself as clear as I would in a mirror, winning anguish of my son in a mode in which Ill be high of. paragon and termination are sympathetic they both come forth to lease you home, so I give thanks you graven image for that. However, on that point is another(prenominal) face to immortal and destruction its a smooth cloak, insufferable to repel gum olibanum disguising the show rectitude that be with gods in the clouds can stimulate much(prenominal) affliction and miserableness to the mess at a lower place them that can break down whatever man. I look you God, why did pitch to be him? I appetency it was me now. I concupiscence it was my soul resting up there. apply is some generation all we reserve and that is when lot look to you God.But, you invariably give throng sham consent as the virtue is, you have the grimmest face, like a work cover and all you dumbfound to hoi polloi is affliction and sorrow as sad as visual perception your own son die. make do is something I am unable to do. My estate is one of madness and its been expressed in this entry. To end my son, your spirit go away ever live on in the memory and I depart drive to not let your termination manakin me, and I get out live my life in peace and harmony. I will never pass on the times we had together, even though we drifted more and more apart, I still can never go away your face at that young age, so full of hope and promise. I bang you.

Bsed in Social Studies in the Philippines Essay

BSEd in br otherwisely Studies in the PhilippinesThe course provides students with essential intimacy and proper inform techniques that argon necessary for becoming impressive educators in the superior coach take, with a focus on the social studies geography, history, sociology, etcetera Admission requirements for BSEd in affable Studies in the Philippines* moldiness vex recommendation from broad(prenominal) enlighten dealer and guidance counselor * must ingest the Original simulate of high naturalise card (Form 138A) * must(prenominal) pose close to recent medical and dental health record * mustiness take and present the College Entrance test* essential return a sham of NSO certified bear credentials* mustiness arrive at a certificate of exhaustively honourable constitution* must(prenominal) shoot a retroflex of high school diploma* virtuoso 2x 2 sham of latest paintingDuration of BSEd in mixer Studies in the PhilippinesThe BSEd in kind Studies in curriculum takes 4 solar days to complete.An on- conjecture training or internship is done on the third and ordinal year level of the broadcast where students atomic number 18 exposed to both(prenominal) in-campus and out-campus teaching. The internship will polish for at least(prenominal) 1 calendar month on either grade level. Subjects include in the BSEd in complaisant Studies program* earth story & polish contemporaneous Ideologies * Geography & earthy Resources of the Philippines* tuitional reading material for lowly teaching* General psychological science w/ dose Abuse command* Experiencing the article of faith attainment Process* The scholarly persons training & Environment* ready reckoner Application for ARTED instruction* Philippine disposal & the Constitution* article of belief Strategies for accessible Studies* economic Planning and Development* Child and childish Development* suit overtaking judgement of Student skill* The Literatures of the Philippines* origination to device schooling* World History & Civilization* Contemporary Mathematic* Introduction to economicals* The Teaching Profession* Micro-Macro Economic* Study & thought process Skills* Life and plant of Rizal* Facilitating Learning* Law-Related Studies* convention Guidance* Asiatic Studies* Earth scientific disciplineLicensure examination inevitable in roll to get a persistent as High trail Social Studies teacher in the PhilippinesA graduate of BSEd in Social Studies in needs to descend the Licensure Examination for instructors in order to practice the as a high school teacher in the Philippines. The examination is presumptuousness by the mesa of paid Teachers chthonic the supervision of the Professional Regulation deputation (PRC). Requirements for the Licensure Examination for Teachers* Must be a holder of a degree in BSEd in Social Studies with academic ascribe on ask subjects from a university recognized by the Ph ilippine government. * Must harbour a double of the Transcript of Records with spare order and particular date of outset with remarks FOR wag EXAMINATION PURPOSES plainly * Must non have all case filed or pending for clean-living turpitude in any tribunal in the Philippines that involves moral turpitude * Must have an reliable copy of community of interests tax certificate (cedula) * Must have a copy of the NSO authenticated possess certificate * Must be of trusty healthand sound mind* Must be of uncorruptedness moral denotation* Must be a Philippine CitizenCareer opportunities for graduates of BSEd in Social Studies in the Philippines* High condition Social Studies Teacher* Area Studies regional medical specialiser* ethnic Resource Specialist* Information specialist* Foreign benefit officer* Social Worker* Communicator* detective* EditorReviews of BSEd in Social Studies graduatesC. M. examine unmarried man of supplementary Education major In Social Studies at University Of Santo Tomas , manila paperGraduated 2010 just about my college educationIt is provoke and enjoyable. Challenging at times because you have you maintain such(prenominal) grade to good-tempered be in the Deans list. As an educator, aphonic work and application are important. interpersonal skills withal because you are going to be in preliminary of a light speed students a day or interacting with parents and crevice colleagues. Creativity to be able to confab motivations and activities that you are going to give your students. And of course, English, math, science, etc skills which depends on your major.My current tuneTeacher perfectly related to Bachelor of Secondary Education major In SocialStudiesAm I utilise what I larn in collegeWhen I am teaching, I everlastingly see to it to inculcate to my students the splendor of ones faith in God and overly on how to be a good citizen of the country. I always include it on every lesson.How long did it take to perplex a job subsequently graduationRight after graduation, I got 5 job offers from diverse companies and schools. I steady got an invitation to enter honor school. I got a job unspoilt away after passing the card exam.Do I recommend analyze Bachelor of Secondary Education Major In Social Studies Yes, educators are in demand in the country and also in other countries. It is indeed fulfilling because you get to serve others and persona your knowledge and talent. The terms? Appreciation, gratefulness and literal love from your students. I was lucky abundant to work on a nonpublic school where the earnings is high.

The First World War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The First World War - Research Paper Examplee various occurrences culminated to this occurrence of this war, it is the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 who was the heir to Austria-Hungary throne in Sarajevo, Bosnia that eventually prompted the occurrence of the war (Gilbert 2008). The First World War involved the great powers of the world at that term. Mainly, there were two alliances that were involved the Triple coalescence or the Central Powers who included Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Ger some and the Allies who comprised of Russia, France, and the United Kingdom (De Groot 2000). The war paved way for a number of economic and political changes. In regularise to have a better understanding of the First World War, this paper will discuss the war in general, the key people that were involved, significant events of the war, expert advances during the war, the advantages and disadvantages of the war, as well as the positive things that came out of the wa r.The First World War occurred in a span of four years and involved many nations as well as key people. The first notable visualise was Herbert Asquith who was the Britains Prime Minister at the time when the nation entered into the war (Strachan 2005). During this time he struggled to unite the nation but he was unsuccessful and he eventually bowed out of the Prime Minister position. The second key figure was the then Imperial Germany Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg he tried to tear apart the Triple Alliance of Russia, France, and Britain. However, his efforts were unsuccessful because he lacked the support of other Germans. It should be noted that he had unsuccessfully attempted to calm the international events prior to the start of the war (Robbins 2002). General Aleksey Brusilov is the other key figure of the First World War he was the Russian commander during the war and he significantly contributed to success in 1914 in Galicia. He is considered one of the successful people by t he standards of the war as he was able to capture

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society Essay

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society - Essay prototypeThe Shulamite woman goes out into the city to look for her lover and it is not indicated anywhere that the two of them could be married. There is openness rough sexual relations that ar in the Song of Songs that seem to be forbidden in the Deuteronomy (International Version, 2011).First, in Deuteronomy, the man is given so much importance rather than the female. The female expresses her desires openly while this is almost forbidden in Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy advocates for sexual modesty. Deuteronomy 2511-12 says that if two men fight and a wife belonging to one party eff to the rescue her beloved husband from the wrath of his assailant. She then reaches out and, unfortunately, seizes him by his private parts then her hand should be cut off and be shown no pity. In songs of songs, the stalagmite expresses her desires openly without any shame. The man is of more importance while sexual encounter s in Deuterostome and the woman is considered as an object who must attend the man and do as he wishes without any regard for her feelings or desires. Avoiding mentioning the woman opinion is made. In the Song of Songs, however, the woman is very open about her feelings and might be considered very wild and probably unsuitable for marriage in the traditional Hebrew community. The Shula mite goes in search of her lover when he disappears.

Feminism in Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Feminism in Jurisprudence - Essay ExampleHowever new-fashioned theories and critical legal studies have highlighted the patriarchal elements in jurisprudence the law itself is male, because the separation of the State and the extent of legal relief is conditioned by the separateness of the individual, a principle which is flawed in the case of women who are connected human beings. Therefore the framework of law and jurisprudence must be limited to reflect a more multicultural, multiracial and multiethnic framework in order to incorporate more voices, so that the law can serve to effectively address the needs of individuals in accordance with the circumstances. The most influential feminists are MacKinnon and Gilligan, whose theories have largely shaped female attack on existing jurisprudence.Catherine McKinnons crusade began with pornography, which she sought to ban. What worked against her struggle to ban pornography however, was the existence of the First Amendment right to fre edom of language and expression. But MacKinnon appealed to the Zoning Commission in Minneapolis on the issue of pornography as followsCatherine MacKinnon pressed for the curtailment of certain First Amendment rights through censorship, reflecting what has now become a widely debated feminist view of childbed of the rights to free speech and expression in such areas as pornography. In her view, presently it is certain powerful groups who are the only ones with the right to free speech and whose voices are heard, over and above the women and minority groups who have been silenced by their powerlessness2, therefore the role of Government and of jurisprudence cannot continue to be sloping in favor of the powerful groups, rather the function of jurisprudence is to empower the minorities and the women.Thus, it may be seen that her views rise in opposition to the model of total

China Oil Security Issue In the New Map of Global Oil Geography Term Paper

china Oil Security Issue In the New part of Global Oil Geography - Term Paper ExampleThis essay stresses that the immerging competition among the G8 countries has resulted to high consumption of oil. This is based on the fact that industrialization and motorization has took place thereby change magnitude vehicle ownership and other indicator machines that are used by individuals to simplify their work. The demand for oil consumption has been change magnitude making developed and developing countries to depend on regions such as Middle East, North Africa and Central China among others. This has emanated business transactions and diplomatic ties among the producers and consumers. For guinea pig China conducts business transaction with Sudan based on the fact that China needs oil from Sudan. On the other hand Sudan imports other products which they require increasing ties with consuming countries. This paper makes a conclusion that the formation of trading block such as Organizati on of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has made the producers to have power to deal with the consumers who use their economic power to suppress them. With the increased cases of terrorism, it is essential for US in collaboration with UN to put in place sustainable security measures in oil producing countries. In this way, the oil exploration process will be undertaken in a secured manner. While the developed countries are able to behave up with other energy alternatives, third world states are greatly affected by price increment of oil products. Ii is notable that China has interest in the developing countries for example in the African region.

Program evaluations and evidence-based process Assignment

Program evaluations and evidence-based process - Assignment ExampleSecondly, the audiences for evaluating such as bankers, customers, management, board, staff or clients and at last but not the least, the kind of information required in order to decide on the need of enlightening the mean audiences. For example, the information about programs activities, inputs and outputs, the clients or customers who experience the program, weaknesses or strengths of the program, the outcomes towards the clients or customers and why and how the program failed (Langbein, 2012).Other questions require the sources where to collect the information any from customers, clients or program documentation. Secondly, the fashion on which the information is supposed to be collected, for example through interviewing, conducting questionnaires, observing customers or examining documentation. Thirdly, the time the information is needed and lastly the resources available for the collection of the information (M ertens & Wilson, 2012).Meanwhile, the evidence-based process is systematically and consistently selected, identified and evaluated. It involves the seven steps as analyzed. Step one is the identification of the evidence organized Literature Surveillance is conducted using many review services of journals, journals, guidelines collections and systematic review collections. DynaMed Content Sources is an example of a comprehensive describe of sources. Step two involves selection of the best available evidence (Rubin, 2013). All articles are evaluated for clinical relevance, and the relevant articles are further evaluated for validity in congenator to the existing DynaMed content. A summary of the most valid articles is made, integrated with the DynaMed content and the outline structure and overview statements are updated basing on the overall evidence synthesis. Selection of an article is done completed by the editors with clinical training and expertise in scientific analysis (Rou sseau, 2012).Step three

The War on Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The War on Terror - Essay ExampleIt has been argued that 9/11 terrorist attacks gave impetus to what we call the War on Terror. To what extent this US-led exertion against global terrorism would reflect the opportunity and willingness of president Obama to invest more resources from his menu of choices available? The War on Terror is a blanket birth that allows the United States to intervene on any activities it considers to be terrorism. The war is fighting a faceless enemy, therefore it could be anyone. President Obama has chosen to withdrawal troops as well as focus on humanitarian aid. What started out as the liberation of Iraq from Sadaam Hussein has developed into the United States being a calmness keeping force in the Middle East. This includes both military and humanitarian efforts. The United States has been increasing the amount of troops being sent to Afghanistan in range to drive the enemy out of populated sectors. The United States increased the troop count by 30,00 0 in 2010 alone (Keyes, 2011). This increased military presence cost a lot of money as well as American lives in order to fight this invisible enemy. Obama has also been trying to recreate republic in Iraq. The goal of President Obama was to bring peace and end conflict in the Middle East between the factions of Islam as well as cancel out the terrorist threat. As a result this would create a foothold for economic and stability to the region even though fighting has persisted in that region for thousands of old age

Ethical Position4.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Position4.2 - Essay ExampleWhile the idea invokes personal commitment, several legal responsibilities have since been ratified to stimulate medical practitioners to account for their actions and behaviour in the course of duty (Chaloner, 2007). Benefits of good nursing practice to enduring and society Critical evaluation of objective rise to nursing ethics suggests that the good nursing has a number abstract benefits to the patient, society and the institution. To begin with, patients often feel appreciated and respected when nurse complete and respect their rights. A typical example is the right to cognizant consent where nurses provide patients with relevant clinical information and the desired outcome of a proposed intervention. Patients argon then consulted to give informed consent while exercising autonomy over the choice of medical care they wish to receive. The comfort that comes with giving informed consent also makes the patient responsible for the outcome of th e chosen intervention as reiterated by Guido (2010). Secondly, particular consideration of the professional code of ethics is other important aspect of evaluating the benefits of good nursing. ... The society develops trust and confidence in healthcare facilities that have demonstrated outstanding commitment for professionalism, accountability and respect for patient needs (Cowen & Moorhead, 2011). From a different perspective, matters of confidentiality also form an integral part of the moral obligation in modern nursing practice. According to Guido (2010), nurses are unavoidable to keep any medical information of patients private and confidential at all times unless when there is undisputed evidence that belongings such information poses significant threat to the community. Otherwise, the knowledge that nurses might compromise the ethics of confidentiality could discourage patients from revealing pertinent details about their medical chronicle and they can find it also diffi cult to confide in nurses. Such uncertainties have the potential of provoking anxiety and psychological distress among patients with sensitive health conditions which they might not want many people to know about as observed by Chaloner (2007). These challenges can affect patient recovery or even worsen the condition especially in cases of mental health dilemmas. Current condition of healthcare in America As it stands today, America is a cosmopolitan society with a political, social and economic welfare statues that has been transformed by memories of struggle, tragedy and costly sacrifices aimed at America a better institutionalize for human habitation. No one is willing to see these milestones go down the drainage due to inadequate commitment to uphold excellence and professionalism across all spheres of human interaction in America. This realization is the

'The Lisbon Treaty has replaced the old European Union with the new Essay

The Lisbon Treaty has replaced the old European Union with the new European Union. (Sch_tze, 2012). Criticall - Essay ExampleThus it critically evaluates the line based on an overview of how it came into being, followed by a review of its four bodily structures to demonstrate to the extent and ways it represents a new way forward. It also reviews how the treaty seeks to subjoin the effectiveness of the new EU compared to the old EU through more qualified majority voting, institutional changes and co-decision procedure. In addition, it offers an analysis of how the democratic values and the roles of the discipline parliaments are strengthened compared to the old European Union1. Further analysis includes improvement of citizens rights and political changes that signify a change from the old system. Section A The Lisbon Treaty has replaced the old European Union with the new European Union Background of the Treaty of Lisbon The Lisbon Treaty seeks to rectify the structure and the f unction of the old European Union, which justifies the statement that it has replaced the old European Union with the new European Union2. Also known as the Lisbon Treaty (LT), it makes an outside(a) agreement that seeks to amend or revise the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome, the two treaties that make up the European Unions (EUs) constitution3. ... Upon the expansion of EU to comprise 27 member states, it was necessary that amendments be made on the way Europes institutions function and how they make decisions. It was further agreed that the treaty reposition focus on modernizing European Union, which also justifies the statement that it replaced the old order5. The Lisbon Treatys objectives are categorized into four primary areas6, namely to bring forth more transparent and democratic Europe, to promote citizen rights, to build a more efficient Europe and to reposition Europe as a key prognosticate on the global scene7. Shift in decision-making process The Lisbon Tre aty transformed the decision-making process of the EU8, thus implying a change from the old system change it to work more effectively. First, it seeks to render the EU a stronger yet more coherent say with the creation of a new position of the President of the European Council who chairs the activities of the heads of governments of the member states9. This way, he works towards facilitating consensus as well ensuring the continuity of the policy. The LT has therefore increased the significance of the Presidency as a decisive organ in the policy-making process10. The president can today mediate between the actors during negotiations while at the same juncture pushing the process towards a favorable direction. He also guides the strategy direction of policy-making. In addition, the LT has created changes to the European Unions internal decision-making apparatus. The changes are intended to rationalize the process and make it less indefensible gridlocks by a single member-state. The treaty further attempts to address issues on the democratic transparency and

Movie Review A Few Good Men Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Few Good Men - Movie Review Example humble by his superiors and considered second best to his commanding officer, Col. Jessep, who was also his classmate in the Academy, Lt. Col. Markinson had a tough life. He was constantly ordered about and had little evidence in the everyday activities of the Base. He had never really been allowed to practise his full potential and had always remained on the sidelines it is this frustration and disappointment that he acts out in the movie.2 Locus of Control At first look it would seem that the character of Lt. Col. Markinson existed within an external locus of control. His actions throughout the movie remained controlled and regulated by his superior, Col. Jessep. The one and only(a) time that he did wish to save the life of Private First Class William Santiago, by transferring him off the base, he was thwarted in his efforts by Col. Jessep who precept the method, expeditious and painless. However, Lt. Col. Markinson never blamed anyone excep t himself for the incidents that ensued. His suicide note to PFC Santiagos parents makes that very clear when he writes, ...your son is on the spur of the moment for only one reason. I wasnt strong enough to stop it. Thus, this character has a strong internal locus of control. Personality Trait Lt. Col. Markinsons personality was that of a Duty Fulfiller3.

Food Tourism of NoHo Nyc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Tourism of NoHo Nyc - Research Paper ExampleFactors that contribute to change magnitude f are circumferenceism in Noho can be categorized into socio-economic factors, changes in technology and product development. Economic recession, love for home-cooked meals, rising number of baby boomers, skew-whiff competition and lack of knowledge about the significance of food tourism are among the factors that reduce demand for food tourism of Noho, NYC. The stakeh of age(predicate)ers in the food tourism industry of Noho need to strategize on how to mitigate the effects of limiting factors and maximize on the factors stimulating increased food tourism. Key words Noho, foods, tourits, untested York City, food tourism Introduction Food tourism is currently growing at a high rate, and is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative segments in the tourism industry. Food tourism is crucial in economies since it stimulates local, regional, and national economic development. The World Fo od Travel Association defines food tourism as the seeking of the unique and memorable eating and drinking sleep togethers1. Food tourists have interests in exploring unique food places filled with memorable experiences. Food tourists primarily intend to experience the food of the region, country, or area in designated places and restaurants. Food culinary is considered the crucial component of the tourism experience because it incorporates other aspects of tourism such as scenery, climate, and accommodation, which are of vital necessity to tourists. Food tourism is not limited to gourmet food gourmet is a subset of food tourism, and it comprises of 8.1 percent of food travelers. Noho is one of the districts in New York City that receives several food tourists every day. Noho is a historic and vibrant district in New York City, which offers diversity of artistic, educational, commercial, and cultural and tourism features. The areas dwell North of Houston (Noho) Street includes eas t 9th Street, Broadway, and Cooper Square. Artists started to occupy the Noho buildings during the 1970s and 1980s2. The District comprises of approximately one hundred and twenty five buildings that represent the period of the New York City between 1850s and 1910s. The Noho district also has early 19th century buildings and modest 20th century commercial structures. The district has potential for food tourism, although on that point are some factors that limit the amount of tourism available. New Yorks Best Noho Food Tour Tour Description The Snapshot Godfather, good take and Graffiti in the attractive Noho food tour is filled with little secrets of Italy, mafia stories and notwithstanding bites. Full Description Food tourists are requested to tour New Yorks cosy corners of Noho where old-world charm coincides with downtown vibe, test salivating eats from unique spots that specialize in traditional recipes and one-hundred year old techniques, and Walk through the same streets tha t were used by John Gotti and Martin Scorsese when they used to visit sites made famous by The Godfather. The tour provides tourists with opportunities to learn the color story of The Bowery and to explore its dark and seedy past. The Bowery is the original theatre of Noho district. Other possible areas of the tour include Skid Row burns and CBGBs music venue these venues were previously referred to as flophouses3. The participants in this tour also have chances of getting a glimpse of the cast-iron facades and the cobblestone streets of Noho in the East village and

Performance Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Management Plan - Essay ExampleIn previous communications with me, the desire to run your hotel chain was expressed. The strategy or objective for the hotel is to provide first-class catering services for various customers within the market. The expected net revenue for the first year is $100,000, 000 with an expectation of 15% increases in net revenue over the next several years and an estimated turnover rate of 5%. According to Atwood & Allen, the short-term and long-run goals for the company are seen as realistic in view of the first five years. The performance management framework will be effective in aligning the companys goals and give a good foundation for its growth financially and win employees loyalty.The Company must identify the organisational performance theory by coming up with a strong strategic performance management framework (Dimon, 2013). The philosophy of the firm should be strengthened on an appropriately structured customer service plan (Axson, 2 010). It will help in competing in the high level of competition in the Indian market. The management has to ensure that the employees expectations are clearly defined in order to build a good reputation within the market ( Wade & Recardo, 2009).The air analysis process that will be used is engaging the employees in the job analysis processes by providing them with forms to fill (Dimon, 2013). The employees should have a chance to assume various questions about their duties they undertake and how it would influence the overall performance of the organization (Paladino, 2010).The management and the supervisors have to carefully look at the manner the employees undertake their duties and advice on the where possible to ensure that all goes well through an entire period on the job (Dimon, 2013). The managements should discuss with the employees the various challenges that they face in their line of transaction and come to

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 20

Business Law - Essay Exampleited dep force outing on the liability of the shargonholders and tete-a-tete or public depending on whether they are prohibited to issue shares to the public or not. According to the vexation and company laws, incorporated companies are levelheaded persons and thus they have corporate personalityThis piece of research paper is an attempt to explain and evaluate the concept of corporate personality. Based on legal cases, this paper examines how courts responds to the specific cases of corporate personality and analyze the courts attitude to this part of the law.In legal perspectives, a corporate person is an tie-up like a note firm, a educational or religious institution, which has been incorporated in order to become a corporate person in law, with certain rights, duties, obligations and privileges that can be subjects matters of legal dispute (Corporate Personality). Members and the corporation or business entity is legally different and therefore t he rights and liabilities of the corporate person are never similar with that of its owners or members. For instance, when the managing director or all of the managers resign from their duties without assigning the duties to new successors, the business and its trading dont come to an end and it will still be legally a corporate body.When a business is registered as a company under the Company Registration Act, the business becomes an entity in its own rights, with legal boundaries of responsibilities, rights and duties that are entirely different from those of its members. In the modern system of company registration, the incorporated company turns to be a business with separate legal entity, and this outcome is referred as corporate personality (Talbot, p. 23).The company incorporated under the Companies Act has been established as a distinct entity by the House of Lords decision. The concept that a non-human entity could be treated as the subject of rights and duties in

Art Apprecition IP Week Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Apprecition IP Week Two - Essay ExampleThe nontextual matter include famous tombs of emperors and Egyptian drawings (Robins, 2008).Appendix A shows the Sphinx of Senwosret III. The period was between 1878 B.C. to 1841 B.C. The artifact shows that the statue contains the half body of beast. The other part of the beast is the head of a human being.B. The Smithsonian Institution Freer trend and Sackler Gallery antiquated Art Sackler Gallery Ancient Art. The Smithsonian Institution Freer Gallery and Sackler Gallery Ancient Art Sackler Gallery Ancient Art contains art artifacts from the Ancient period. The time period includes famour art pieces like the huge Sphinx.The museums artifacts, including Appendix B, include collections from several countries. One of the prominent sections of the museum is dedicated to ancient Egyptian Art. The art pieces represent items coming from the time of the Pharaohs. The above sculptural design is typical of Ancient Egyptian Art sculpture (Schatz, 2009). C. The Louvre Museum. The Louvre, France, Museum also includes Ancient Egyptian art artifacts. The museum contains statues and other artifacts that represent the time of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Form of the Artwork. The two art forms have different forms. The hieroglyphic drawing (Appendix C) is two dimensional firearm the tomb of Pharaoh Perneb is three dimensional. The Ancient Egyptian art form is two dimensional. The pictures of the ancient Egyptian period include simple lines to show the shape of a human being or an animal. However, the Ancient Egyptian sculptures are three dimensional. An example of three dimensional art is the Sphinx statue (Springer, 2010).Additionally, the Appendix D picture shows the tomb of Perneb. It was constructed during 2381-2323 B.C. The tomb is made of stone and other cement-like materials. The tomb symbolizes there is an afterlife.Further, the materials used are plain paper. In the making of the pyramids and the Sphinx, stones were used in the making of the pyramids. blustering mud

Carpet Recovery Recycling-Six Sigma Methodolgy Essay

Carpet Recovery Recycling- half-dozen Sigma Methodolgy - Essay Exampleand more recently attentions have shifted to service environments.31Six Sigma is not just another management catch phrase. Rather, it is a highly disciplined process that helps a business develop and deliver near better outputs and services. By accurately measuring the number of defects in a process, you can systematically eliminate them. Achieving Six Sigma indicates you have less than four defects per jillion transactions. uncalled-for to say how important it is. Just imagine at three sigma you have at least 54,000 defective drug prescriptions a year, more than 40,500 newborn babies haply dropped in the hospital each year and unsafe tipsiness water almost two hours each month. Comparing with above mentioned at Six Sigma tone level we would get only one wrong drug prescription, in 25 years, three newborn babies dropped in 100 years and unsafe drinking water only one second every 16 years31Six Sigma goes bey ond small point improvements in product feature to the very fabric of the organization as a whole. It is a process for both improving performance and ensuring consistency in the delivery of a product or service. Most importantly, Six Sigma focuses on the customer. It continuously and rigorously measures those elements the customer identifies as critical-to-quality. In other words, importance of Six Sigma is in its ability to convert abstract business scenarios into tangible and fact based situations thus minimizing guessing in solving business issues.32Bob Galvin former CEO of Motorola verbalize that the lack of initial investment in the non manufacturing areas of the business over four years was a blunder that cost the business over 5 million dollars (Basu & Write, 2003, p43). However, organisations have implemented six sigma initiatives in transactional frameworks with success- testimonial for six sigma triumphs in services range from American Express and PriceWaterHouseCoopers to local NHS

Important actors Essay Example for Free

Important actors EssayThe study of multinational relations has paved the way for the inclusion of important actors that channel to the boilers suit functions of practice in the multinational bena. In the course of time, actors involve in the practice has constantly been increasing due to the expansion of practice and ambit in the area. Thus, there is a need to look into these actors and carefully assess their capabilities in promoting interests in the international arena. One important actor in international relations is the state. The capability of course by the state to formally produce relations with other actors circumvents originally on its capabilities to function as one. According to (Williams, 2005, p. 2) the contemporaneous nation-state is characterized by jurisdiction over territory, a political and administrative apparatus and the state recognizes no higher constitutional authority than itself. Besides states, there are also other actors involve in the practi ce of international relations. Examples are individual actors, organizations, agencies and conclaves who also can help promote the functions of a state or the whole.According to (Williams, 2005, p. 2) because individuals, groups and organizations acting in the name of the state are also sensitive to pressures and constraints other than international ones, including elite maintenance, electoral politics, public opinion, pressure group activities, ideological preferences, and bureaucratic politics. In the course of history, there also had been developments in the international arena that paved the way for the emergence of transnational actors. Examples of these actors are transnational corporations and non-governmental organizations.They seek to promote the overall endeavors in the international arena. At the same time, as the world becomes more globalized, the tendency is there is a deeper avenue for them to promote their interests in the international arena. In the course of histo ry, there had been tendencies of shifting of actor concentration in the international arena. That is why it is good to compare and contrast separately actors importance in the practice of international relations. Looking at it, actors in international relations are primarily concerned in promoting their own interests.These interests are beneficial in the overall aim of the actor for its continued growth and sustenance. Looking at the point of vista of interests, there are differences present between different actors in the international arena. A state may pursue its interest based on its overall welfare and capabilities. On the other hand, it may be different among other actors in international arena. An NGO may promote its interests founded on the protection of its political orientation and welfare of its aim.Also, for transnational corporation, they seek to promote interests that are centered in creating benefits that would enhance their status in the international arena. With regards to relationship between nations, actors in international relations seek different mechanisms that will create an enhanced cooperation among different actors depending on the issue and interests being talked about. In addition, there has been an expansion of different divinatory paradigms to explain and argue on how actors affect different issues in the international arena.Thus, actors stick out greatly to the practice of international relations. There had been different theories and paradigms to suggest how these actors contribute to the overall process in the international arena. Lastly, these actors are primarily motivated due to their individual interests that motivate them to act accordingly.Work Cited T. L Williams. Actors in global Relations. 2005 accessed December 11, 2007 from http//209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cacheI3UEDQx9zakJwww. wadsworthmedia. com/marketing/sample_chapters/0534631894. pdf+actors+in+international+relationshl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph.

History of Nursing Homes Essay Example for Free

History of Nursing Homes EssayToday, thither are approximately 16,100 treat homes in the U. S. with approximately 1. 5 one million million residents (www. cdc. gov). However historically, the sick, disab take, and aged were cared for at home by family members. Changes in engine room and social changes have created a shift in how we care for our aged and disabled, and there is evolution in geriatric care that continues today (Morris, 1995). Nurses have had a huge role in revolutionizing the care for our remote and for creating what is the in advance(p) nurse home. sympathize with for the old age, or geriatric nursing, is practically non viewed as being as prestigious as separate specialties in nursing. Despite the growing ancient population and the fact that 46% of all Registered Nurses will be providing direct care to the elderly, the majority of nursing students steady do not receive any specialized content in geriatric nursing (Ebersole Touhy, 2006). Later on, we will discuss the development of geriatric nursing as a specialness and as it relates to the history of long care. In the sixteenth century, we began to see fundaments developed to care for a variety of wad in take aim.This did not just include the elderly or disabled, unless any dependent poor, sick, orphaned barbarianren, widows, insane, and even minor criminals. These institutions could be considered a predecessor to the nursing homes that eventually followed (Morris, 1995). Poor laws in europium gave rise to these institutions referred to as workhouses, almshouses, or poorhouses. They provided very minimal nursing care, and the care was often provided by pauper nurses who were not trained and usually inmates themselves, often alcoholics. Agnes Jones, a nightingale trained nurse visited a Liverpool Infirmary in 1864 and reported deplorable conditions.She was forced to dismiss 35 pauper nurses for drunkenness and stated that bed clothes had not been washed for months (Eber sole Touhy, 2006). These poorhouses were common in the United States as well and often had the aforementioned(prenominal) deplorable conditions. Carolyn Bartlett Crane, the Chairman of Charity Organization Department of Womens Civic Improvement League of Kalamazoo, MI attempted to address these problems archetypal with the Michigan State Nurses Association in 1906 and again with the Nurses Associated Alumni of the United States in 1907 with pleas for nursing care in these almshouses.In her 1907 paper, Almshouse Nursing the Human Need the Professional Opportunity, she described the county almshouse as a hospital with the hospital part go forth out. She went on to talk about how the specialization of institutions for certain groups, much(prenominal) as asylums and orphanages, left the elderly and infirm to be the majority of those left with no other options besides the poorhouses (as cited in Ebersole Touhy, 2006 p. 8). Little progress was made. In 1912, the American Nurses Ass ociation Board of Directors appointed an Almshouse Committee to oversee housing in these institutions.Progress move to be slow. From 1910 to 1920 focus was taken away from elder care due to the war (Ebersole Touhy, 2006). An article published in the American Journal of Nursing in 1930 by Munson, R. N. discussed the conditions in the almshouses and lack of quality nursing care. She states, Modern nursing in England and in this country was started with the purpose of cleaning up just such conditions in hospitals as are still found in almshouses. She proposed that these small almshouses be consolidated into large facilities that are better managed (1930).Morris describes the factors that have led to the need for the care that nursing homes provide today. They describe an area of healthcare when a person is not acutely ill and in need of hospital care, but is perhaps chronically ill and cannot return independently to live in his or her home. This middle is ever changing and is affec ted by two factors technology and social change. As we discussed earlier, care for the elderly and infirm had largely been done by individual families. Poorhouses and almshouses arose to meet the need for anyone who did not have family to care for them or means to care for themselves.The need maturationd in the U. S. as the immigrant population rose and there was a shift from extended to nuclear families. A child born in 1900 had a life expectancy of only forty-seven years old. As medical technology, for example, infection find, rapidly developed, the population of elderly people increased. With the rise in aged population, there was an increase in chronic disabilities associated with age (1995). In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, living standards increased. The poorhouses began to become a liaison of the past as there was a movement to specialize care for certain groups.For example asylums for mentally ill, TB sanatoriums, veterans hospitals, and orphanages. There was ho mecare provided by public health nurses, but many refused to care for the chronically ill (Morris, 1995). As mentioned earlier, the elderly and infirm were among the last left in the poorhouses. Thanks to the efforts of many, including many nurses, there was a push to provide better care and bring trained nurses into these almshouses. By 1940, increased expectations for care and the Social Security Act led to the rise of the modern nursing home.The Social Security Act provided a means for elderly who could no longer work and widows to have financial means to pay for care. Entrepreneurs right away took advantage and homes for the elderly were often as much for profit as for care. By the 1960s, scandals and patient neglect led to increased regulation and public control over expansion (Morris, 1995). Medicare and Medicaid provided more than money for care of the elderly and also further increased government control. Rapid increases in technology and new treatments led to a further ri se in the aged and vulnerable population and increasing costs.Nursing homes became linked to local hospitals and doctor referrals. Some homes specialized their function to include go for cognitive impairment or active rehabilitation. Government reimbursement and regulation became more complicated. Nursing homes became less homes and more medical facilities. They operated with a especial(a) nursing staff and very little physician presence. It continues today that nursing homes face contradictory pressures to accept sicker and more difficult patients while at the same time maintaining a home-like atmosphere.All this while limiting costs (Morris, 1995). As more specialized care for the elderly developed, it was apparent that the needs of the elderly were not as simple as taking the principles of nursing care and applying them to the aged. Geriatric nursing has only become recognized as a specialty inwardly the past fifty years. However, the origins of gerontological nursing can be traced all the way back to Florence Nightingale who once was a superintendent in an institution we would call a nursing home today.The clinical study of the aged can be traced back much further to Hippocrates. A Viennese physician, Ignatiz Nascher coined the battle cry geriatrics in a 1909 New York Medical Journal article. In 1935, a physician named Marjorie Warren established an elderly concentrated practice with a concentration on environment, rehabilitation and motivational methods (Ebersole Touhy, 2006). Geriatric nursing is a preposterous specialty in that it was developed by nurses themselves. Other nursing specialties were first developed in medicine and then carried over to nursing.The reason for this difference is that medicine so often concentrates on curing disorder and prolonging life. As Ebersole states, previous(a) people often have little life left and therefore are unattractive subjects. Nurses, in contrast, have always sought to prevent illness and alleviate s uffering (Ebersole Touhy, 2006). It seems fitting that nursing, and not medicine, would give birth to this specialty and that is nighthing that nurses should take pride in. However, as mentioned earlier, geriatric nursing is often considered the least prestigious of nursing concentrations.With the continued rise of the elderly population as the baby-boomer extension ages, nurses should be prepared to care for elderly in some capacity no matter which specialty they choose. It is unfortunate that nursing schools often provide little material on geriatrics as a unique population. Care for the elderly has continued to make slow, but consistent progress even in more recent years. Although we are leaps and bounds from the almshouse, there has still been serious abuse and neglect in nursing homes and cries for change in the way we house and care for our elderly.In addition to more people receiving homecare services that allow them to live at home longer, there are other movements to cha nge the nursing home itself. William Thomas describes an alternative concept that hopes to revolutionize long-term care, the Eden resource. He states, The modern American nursing home is being crushed between the intrinsic weaknesses of the institution and the rising expectations of a new generation of elders. We are witnesses to its destruction. Like the leper colony, the tuberculosis sanitarium and insane asylum, the nursing home is about to be heaved onto the ash heap of history (Thomas, 2003 p. 42). In 1992, the Eden Alternative began as a grant project in New York. It has changed over the years, but is based on a set of principles that aim to make facilities more like homes. The focus is on treating the residents as unique individuals first and patients second. Some changes that differ from traditional nursing homes include environmental changes like carpets, plants, and allowing pets and personal items, hit rooms, and family style meals. Staff at Eden facilities do not dress in scrubs and whenever possible, a child daycare is on site to increase staff satisfaction as well as bringing more life into the facility.Currently only about 2% of U. S. nursing homes have choose this new format despite the statistics showing significant reductions in behavioral incidents, decubitus ulcers, bedfast residents, use of restraints, and staff absenteeism. There was also an increase in census (Thomas, 2003). Going a step beyond the Eden Alternative, an even more recent development has been the putting green House with a focus on small being better. These homes aim to blend seamlessly into a community and house up to eight residents in what is more than a home-like atmosphere, but very much a home.The technology would still be utilized, but as in the original Eden model, it should be woven into daily life without interfering with it. So far, Green Houses have been able to meet the increasing challenges of providing state of the art care and keeping costs down while c omplying with state and federal regulations (Thomas, 2003). In conclusion, the nursing home and geriatric nursing have developed to meet the needs of a changing society with ever increasing medical advances and a larger than ever population of elderly.Nurses have been a huge part in the development of what has become the modern nursing home. As the geriatric nursing specialty has grown, there has also been greater understanding of the unique needs of our aging population. It is clear that despite the advances made, there is still much dissatisfaction in how we care for our elderly population and a lot of room for improvement. New alternatives are being developed and it will be fascinating to be in the field of nursing to witness the changes that are yet to come.

Outbreak Of One Of The Conflicts In Africa History Essay

Out grant Of One Of The Conflicts In Africa History EssayAfrica from time immemorial has experienced numerous models of betrothals ranging from pagan confrontations to interstate wars. The idea of war still plays a veritable fibre in the post colonial Africa as well as in the world- enormous politics. An understanding of the situation in Africa has proved that most of these wars consume been fought on the African s crudes and start out had devastating effects on the continent and the world at large. Examples of these wars include Rwanda, Sudan, the Democratic land of Congo, Ivory Coast and just to name a few. These wars name greatly affected the African continent especi every(prenominal)y the countries involve as it has reduced the economies of these countries to nonhing only if a shadow on their own. It is obvious that most of these wars are taken place but in the growing countries and on that pointfore leaves cardinal with the question, whether the wars can be see n as a consequence of p all overty or is poverty the consequence of war? To my opinion, war is not a solution to conflict looking at the aftermath of the war, the vulnerabilities of the women and children, the political and economic imbalance of the states. In this light, the inter depicted object community should seek ways of avoiding the volcanic eruption of much(prenominal) wars especially in the developing countries.In this paper, I pull up stakes analyzed the come out of the clo bewilderbreak of champion of the conflict in Africa which could obligate escalated to a full outstrip phalanx conflict between cardinal countries, had it not been settled in a unique showcase of conflict management by the UN. The conflict in question is the Cameroon vs. Nigeria acquire of sovereignty over the potentially oil rich Bakassi peninsula, which almost trigger to an interstates war and sends fear and uncertainty across the two nations. B. G. Ramcharan describes the role played by the unionizeer UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan in maintaining peace between the Re humanity of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria and in settling the dispute over the Bakassi peninsula, some early(a) fascinating story of conflict prevention at work in practice. The sign of the Green Tree Agreement by both countries enabled both countries to deposit to the ruling passed by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), officially put to an end to the Nigeria occupation of the peninsula and finally led to the peaceful handover of the occupied domains by the Nigeria military to Cameroon. President Obasanjo Olusegun of Nigeria clearly described the way the conflict was handled in the following wordsOur agreement today is a great achievement of conflict prevention, which a lot reflects its cost-effectiveness when compared to the alternative of conflict resolution its significance, therefore, goes much beyond Nigeria and Cameroon. It should represent a model for the resolution o f similar conflicts in Africa, and I dare say, to the world at large.For most conflicts especially in Africa, has been as a result of natural resources and the politics play by the international community for their own interest which much often has fuel the violent conflicts. I will seek to analyze in this paper the historical postground of the contested area leading(a) to the outbreak of hostilities. It will be follow suit with the underlying draws of the conflicts in distinguish 4 and part five will shed more lights on how the conflict was resolved at the level of the ICJ and managed at the UN following the implementation of the famous Green-Tree Accord signed by both countries. art object part six will emphasize on the conclusion with the way forward of ensuring that both countries view the terms of the green-Tree Agreement and the unique showcase of conflict management and resolution achieved.2. historic BACKGROUNDThe Bakassi peninsula is an island located along the easte rn end of the Gulf of Guinea between latitudes 820 and 908E. The area is greatly made up of a low-lying, mangrove and swampy area with a population of approximately 150,000 to 300,000 inhabitants, as of 2005. The island is highly inhabited with the autochthonous people of the Efik tribe, which they claimed to belong to the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The peninsula is a veritable ground for fishing activities and other ocean wildlife activities, for the simple point that two great ocean currents meet here that is the cold Benguela catamenia and the warm Guinea Current, has really made it possible for fishing activities to be the livelihood of the inhabitants.The historical background of the peninsula goes back to the colonial period after the arriver of the European colonial master to Nigeria in the middle of the 19th Century, the King of the Old Calabar kingdom entered into a treaty of Protection with the Queen of England on kinfolk 10, 1884. The grease covering this region was at this time under the control of the King of the Old Calabar Kingdom. So in signing this treaty, it means he has officially ceded the land to the British as a protectorate. In this respect, Britain was free to carry out any activity and equally exercised whatever she deems fit in the territory.The claim of sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula is one of the numerous conflicts in Africa concerning border disputes. This however, should be in some extent put on the shoulders of the former colonial masters who partitioned Africa without fetching into considerations of the ethnical groupings, geography and demography of the area, history, language and socio-cultural affiliations of the people. This has really hampered the integrity and sovereignty of most countries in Africa, as most often people from the same ethnic grouping happen to found themselves on two different colonial territories and governed by different colonial powers.The historical background of the Bakassi peninsula can be traced back during the era of colonialism. The Germans were the first colonial master to colonized Cameroon not until the outbreak of the First World struggle in 1914, which saw the defeat of the Germans by the french and English in Cameroon. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the European powers having colonial territories were largely interested in securing their interests instead of the colonial people they claimed they were civilizing. A country like Germany were moreover interested in securing for itself the vast territorial waters in order to keep the huge amount of shrimps and other maritime wildlife found in this water for herself. In order to avoid conflict of interest amongst the colonial powers, Germany enter into an agreement with the British who were at this time the colonial master of Nigeria, limiting Britains expansion to the east, while Britain on the other hand required an undisturbed and free sea passage to Calabar, which was an important comme rcial harbour in eastern Nigeria. This agreement was later code name the Anglo German Agreement of 1913, which clearly defined the exact demarcation of the borders between Cameroon and Nigeria. The first part of the treaty entitled The Settlement of the Frontier between Cameroon and Nigeria, from Yola to the Sea, clearly situate the territory of Bakassi under the jurisdiction of the Germans. The second part entitled The Regulation of gliding on the Cross River, placed the passable portion of the offshore border of the Bakassi peninsula to Britain. Article 21 of the Anglo-German conformity of 1913, which stipulates the exact position of the borderFrom the centre of the navigable channel on a line joining Bakassi Point and King Point, the boundary shall follow the centre of the navigable channel of the Akwayafe River as far as the 3-mile limit of territorial jurisdiction. For the purpose of defining this boundary, the navigable channel of the Akwayafe River shall be considered to lie wholly to the east of the navigable channel of the Cross and Calabar Rivers.This however, proves that from 1913, after the signing of the Anglo-German Treaty and onwards, British and German maps clearly show the Bakassi peninsula in Cameroon.Following the dramatic twist of event which saw the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the French and the English decided to extend the war in German colonial territories in Africa, aimed at fighting the Germans in their African colonial territories. At the end of the war, Germany lost all her colonies in Africa including Cameroon to the allied powers. Cameroon was ruled as a mandated territory under the League of Nations and later partitioned in 1919, into two territories among the British and French. The French took 4/5 of the territory called French Cameroons and the British get 1/5 of the territory called British Cameroons. The Franco-British Agreement of July 1919, placed the territory of Bakassi and the rest of British Cameroons under the mandate of Britain. The British introduced the system of indirect rule in their territory of British Cameroons as an integral part of Nigeria with respect to the borders agreements laid down in 1913. In 1931, a further agreement between both powers was signed to further codify the treaty of 1919.The two Cameroons that is French and English Cameroons were ruled as a mandated territory by France and Britain till the outbreak of the spot World War. With the collapse of the League of Nations and the subsequent end of the Second World War, the mandated territories of the British Cameroons and French Cameroons were placed under the United Nations Organization which succeeded the League of Nations as Trust Territories. Worthy of note here is that the agreement creating these trust territory territories re-ratified the Anglo-German treaties of 1913 demarcating the borders between Cameroon and Nigeria. Again maps produced during this period placed Bakassi under the sovereignty of Cameroon.It should be noteworthy here, that the British Cameroons was divided into two parts namely British Federal and British Southern Cameroons respectively, with Bakassi falling under the competence of Britain Southern Cameroons. In the advent for the fight for independence in the late 1950s across Africa, tensions have grown in the territory of British Cameroons. In the light of this growing tensions for independence, the United Nations requested Britain to carry out a plebiscite in the territories under her jurisdiction. British normalityerly Cameroon and British Southern Cameroon were to exercise their rights and willingness as to which country they would like to join and become independent. A plebiscite was held in British Northern Cameroons as Do you wish to attained independence by joining the Federal Republic of Nigeria or by joining the Republic of Cameroon. The outcome of the result of the plebiscite was that British Northern Cameroons voted to achieve independence b y joining the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The events of the political parties and their divided opinions made the plebiscite to be postponed in British Southern Cameroons. It was single on February 11th, 1961, that British Southern Cameroons voted to join the al crap independent Republic of Cameroon (former French Cameroons). It should withal be noted here that at the point of independence, Bakassi was a territory under the jurisdiction of Cameroon. This can be seen from the fact that Bakassi itself has 21 polling stations and 73% of the population voted to become independent by joining the Republic of Cameroon. So there is no gainsaying that Bakassi was and remain a territory in Cameroon.The Bakassi peninsula is an area that was of no interest to the two nations, as the territory has been long forgotten and was not an issue looking back at the afore-mentioned paragraphs. It became a centre point of focus after the supposed baring of oil by some remote experts. As a result of the suspicion that Bakassi have a huge oil reserve, Nigeria was the first to claim sovereignty of the peninsula and instantaneously deploy her military in the territory to mark her presence and ownership. This dramatic twist of event gave way for the look back of the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, which clearly defines and demarcates the maritime borders of the two countries and which both countries authorized it. In the wake of this post independent period, both countries sought way of regulating the colonial agreements of 1913, signed by the colonial powers. Leaders of both countries exchanges visits as can be seen in April 1971, the Nigeria Head of State, General Gowon accompanied with his collaborators visited Cameroon and meet with his Cameroonian counterpart Amadou Ahidjo, in the capital city Yaound, to wrangle the issue. The outcome of this face-off was the signing of the Coker-Ngo Line delimiting the navigable portion offshore border of the two countries, thereby reaffirmi ng the 1913 agreement.Both Heads of States were very satisfied with the outcome of the meeting not only after General Gowon of Nigeria, hearing the advices from his advisers, reverse the decision arrived at the meeting. This trigger a second meeting as General Gowon again paid a second visit to the President Ahidjo of Cameroon at Maroua city in July 1975, in order to correct the wrongs of the Coker-Ngo Line referred in the 1913 agreement. Worthy of note here is that at this point in time, the sovereignty of Bakassi was not the issue, as the meetings were out to understand the colonial borders.Gowon was overthrown shortly after his visit to Cameroon in a military coup detat detat in July 1975, General Murtala Muhammed was the new Head of State of Nigeria and he was very strategic. In order to have the support of the Nigeria bulk population, he convinced them to gestate that General Gowon has fountainn Bakassi to Cameroon as a compensation for the assistance Cameroon played in the Nigeria Civil War. He goes further to reject the authenticity of the 1971 and 1975 agreements between Gowon and Ahidjo that it has not be ratified by the military council. He too was killed in a military coup just a year after and was replaced by General Olusegun Obasanjo. What a coincidence here that President Obasanjo was Nigeria Head of state during this period and he still re-emerges again as president when hostilities break out between the two countries and help to brokered peace by ensuring that Nigeria police and soldiers withdraw from the territory in accordance with the Green-Tree Agreement of 2006.3. THE EMERGENCE OF HOSTILITIESAs earlier discuss above, the obvious reasons for most violent conflict have been natural resources conflict, territorial and ethnicity, and political and economic. The case of the Bakassi conflict was as a result of the colonial legacy left behind by the colonial powers without taking consideration of the indigenous population. As also said above the Bakassi peninsula came into the lime line after the alleged discovery of huge volume of oil reserves by some Chinese experts. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1600km long border running from Lake Chad in the north down to Bakassi in the south and a maritime boundary meandering into the Gulf of Guinea. It is worth noted here that with all the different borders that Cameroon share with Nigeria, it is only the Bakassi peninsula which has spark tension. This can be seen as a result of the oil discovery in that area and the water which was a veritable ground for fishing.During the 70s, claw tensions have been building up in the claim of ownership of the territory. Clashes took place where some human lives were lost and on May 16, 1981, the first major form of direct violence occur when the Cameroon National Radio announced that three Nigeria patrol boats have violated and entered the Cameroonian territorial waters in Bakassi up to Rio del Rey, and open fire on the Cameroonian army. Thi s act was widely condemned in Cameroon and in retaliation five Nigerian soldiers were killed by the Cameroonian soldiers. This incident brought a lot of suspicion between the two countries as both countries were accusing the other for causing the incident. While Cameroon on their part accused Nigeria that they were exploiting the matter politically by blaming Cameroon for the incident, Nigeria on their part, insisted that the incident took place along the Akwayafe River. The Nigeria claimed that the incident took place at the Akwayafe River means that they have not acknowledge the maritime border set down at the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, thus a gross violation. So Cameroon immediately apologizes for the deaths of those five soldiers and promised to pay reparations. This matter was resolved diplomatically and put to rest. moreover it has triggered the question of sovereignty over the territory.Things take a dramatic turn in the advent of multi party politics in Cameroon in the 19 90s. Anglophone Cameroonians started feeling of been marginalized and under-developed. They started inquire for their own autonomy and possible Bakassi been a territory under the English speaking part of Cameroon was a big concern to the brass of Cameroon. So there was need to consolidate the entire sovereignty of the territory under Cameroon administration.In order to fight this Anglophone antagonism in Cameroon, the government became so hard on the Anglophones especially the Nigerians who have been living in the Anglophone communities for decades doing businesses. Through intimidation and high taxes, many Nigeria traders were forced to leave Cameroon. But the most deliberate incident that amply lead to the occupation of the territory and sends fear of an impending military conflict between the two countries occur in February 1994. At this point in time, Nigeria had deployed gee soldiers to Bakassi on the pretext that they were out to protect the Nigerian Traders and fishermen against the continuous Cameroonian Gendarmerie harassment. The deployment of Nigerian troops was not welcome by Cameroon and it eventually break out to an open fire from both sides. It led to many casualties and deaths on civilian population and soldiers from both countries. Cameroon has lost c drowse offd to 40 soldiers and many of its soldiers have been taken as prisoners of war by Nigeria. It was this bloody incident that prompted Cameroon to seize the ICJ for adjudication. A complaint was filed on March 29, 1994 to the ICJ. Whether due to a sense of premonition of defeat or due to the fact that many Nigerians were aware of the Bakassi lie, the Nigeria government criticizes the government of Cameroon for taking the matter to the UN. The pointed out that they would have prefer the matter be settled through a bilateral negotiations. They go as far as challenging the competence of the ICJ for lack of jurisdiction in handling the matter.While the matter was pending at the ICJ, fight ing was still going on between the two countries. The Nigerian government again deploys another 1000 troops in February 1996. This last deployment of soldiers was the last major incident that shows sign of an impending full scale military war. The Nigerian soldiers invaded and occupied the territory of Bakassi despite the fact that the case was pending at the ICJ. Record holds it that by May 1996, more than 50 Nigerian soldiers had lost their lives and several others taken as prisoners of war match to diplomatic sources. One of the most leading African magazines, The Jeune Afrique has analyzed the situation by saying that the prerequisite for a major military conflict were all present in the case of Bakassi. It went further to analyze the strategic economic importance of the territory to both countries and as a pivotal factor for the cause of the conflict. As tensions continued to grow on the ground with the military presence of both countries in the territory, the government of Ca meroon called on the ICJ to institute measures to halt down the fighting. The ICJ immediately asked both countries to stop the fighting while waiting for the final ruling on the matter. But that notwithstanding, both countries still maintain the presence of their military accept that it might work in their favor for the rightful owner of the territory.4. THE CAUSES OF THE CONFLICTThe claim of sovereignty over the peninsula between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria is one the several violent conflicts that have plagued Africa for a very longtime as I mentioned in the preceding chapters. It was one of an interstate state war that could have escalated to a full blown war if not of the high sense of responsibilities on the parts of the UN on one hand and the countries concern on the other hand. The causes of the conflict are discussed below.4.1. Economic factorsIt is evident that economic factors might have stemmed up the conflict over the ownership of the te rritory. If we go back to the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, we can see that both countries were more or less not interested in the area. Nigeria under British rule have surrender the area to the Germans who were at that time ruling Cameroon. British Nigeria ceded this territory to the German in 1913, and even after independence, Nigeria still did not made any claim to the territory. Cameroon on her part, knew and sees the peninsula as its territory but failed to carry out any development in the area. The government of Cameroon did not put up any administrative social system in the area to indicate that the rule the place. They equally left the place at the mercy of the dominant Nigeria indigenous population to carry out their avocation and fishing activities along the peninsula with little or no control except the arbitrary tax collection from the people by the authorities of Cameroon.This point is to take away out the picture of the peninsula at that time, but things take a drama tic turn when during the late 70s and 80s, there was an alleged discovery of huge volume of oil reserves around the Rio del Rey area of the peninsula. A good number of foreign multi-national companies have carried out surveys in the peninsula and came out with the reports that the territory may indeed be a treasure of immeasurable economic value.The discovery of oil reserves was not the only determinant economic factor that almost plunged both countries to a war. The fact that Bakassi peninsula is situated between two great oceans i.e. the cold Benguela current and the warm Guinea current, makes it a veritable ground for fishing. It also harbors a wide variety of fishes and other maritime wildlife creatures. According to the internet encyclopedia, the Wikipedia, the fertility of the Bakassi peninsula as a fishing ground is comparable only to Newfoundland in North the States and Scandinavia in Western Europe. It was as a result of these economic benefits i.e. the prospect of potentia l oil reserves and securing the fishing rights, that the Germans were so desperate on charge the peninsula to themselves during the 1913 agreement.It would not be a gainsaying that economic factors attracted the attention of both countries to claim sovereignty of the peninsula, judging from the discovery of oil reserves and the sale of fishing rights.4.2. political reasonsThe Cameroon and Nigeria claim of sovereignty over Bakassi also has a political manoveuvres, i.e. political reasons also contributed to the conflict. It is gestated that the political leaders of both countries wanted to use Bakassi as a means to divert public opinion from their respective home countries. This is evident of the fact that there was growing unpopularity of the leaders of both countries. They wanted to shift the public attention to Bakassi so that their citizens will forget about their worries at home when engaged in a full scale war. Both governments have failed to point the economic problems, unem ployment, bad governance, bribery and corruption, lack of social services and the bad Human Rights records they hold.Cameroon under President Amadou Ahidjos human rights records was not a good one as he was notorious for the violation of human rights during his time as president. Examples of his bad Human Rights violation is the killing of more than 25,000 people during the UPC revolt in the 1960s as reported by Albert Mukong and Mongo Beti. Then came President Paul Biya who succeeded Ahidjo in 1982 and is still on seat. Under Biya, the economy has faced a everlasting(a) economic crisis in the mid 80s that saw the currency been devalued. The salaries of normal civil servants was reduced to about 70% while those of the army was increase, and that is why the army is so loyal to the president and do not plan to overthrown him in a coup.On the part of Nigeria, the situation was not too different from Cameroon, but the self-aggrandising problem that Nigeria was undergoing before the re turn to civilian rule was the successive military coups that has seen their governments from time to time been toppled. In fact, Nigeria holds worlds record for the highest number of military coups and counter coup attempts. These coups have led to the deaths of thousands of civilians and soldiers. Looking at her human rights records, nearly all the successive governments have had a very bad human rights record. They are noted for killing their political opponents, an example is the assassination of the minority leader Ken Saro Wiwa and nine others in November 1995. The unreasonable imprisonment of acclaimed winner of the presidential election of 1992 Moshood Abiola and the events leading to his death while in prison still remain a fact to be told. Even the brutal murder of Abiolas wife made the government unpopular.It very evident from the above mentioned paragraphs that both Cameroon and Nigeria had nothing to ride home with because the governments of both countries were facing in ternal and severe ethnic nationalism and economic fallout. They believe that diverting the peoples mind into an external crisis will work in their favors. They made their citizens to believe that Bakassi was worth fighting for i.e. to defend their fatherland.4.3. National and human securitiesSecurity issues have been very vital and play an important role in the peninsula, as such(prenominal) were one of the causes of the claim of sovereignty over Bakassi. This is true to the fact that during 1884, the psyche of Old Calabar signed a Treaty of Protection ceding the territory (Bakassi) to the Britain. Britain thereafter ceded the territory during the 1913 Treaty to German Kamerun in order to secure a safe passage to the port of Calabar and also reassuring the Germans that she will not made any further advancements to the east.Security in the wider sense could so also be seen in the domain of national security and human security. The former been the security of the states sovereignty a nd the latter been the security of the citizens. So in this light, both countries were firm to advance security reasons for the military occupation of the peninsula. Nigeria lay claims that she invaded Bakassi to protect her citizens who were doing business and carry out fishing activities in the area against the continuous harassment from the Cameroonian forces, while Cameroon on her part, claimed that the obvious reason was to protect the territorial integrity of the state as she claims Nigeria has violated its sovereignty and posed a threat to her national security.4.4. Natural resourcesNatural resources have been the cause of several violent conflicts in the developing countries. The question is can natural resources be seen as a jonah or a blessing. This is a territory which was out of the discussion tables of both country, but soon became a bone of contention to the countries immediately after the discovery of oil reserves or black gold as is commonly refer to in Africa. Man y oppressive regimes will want to be in full control of the natural resources. For the fact that another border region which is the Lake Chad between Cameroon and Nigeria is gradually disappearing because of over used by the neighboring countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, DR Congo, Tchad and Equatorial Guinea. With the assurance that the Bakassi peninsula is blessed with natural resources such as oil and fishes, both countries divert their attention there claiming sovereignty.4.5. Territorial integrityThe territorial integrity of the peninsula also plays a very important role for both countries as they believed it was the responsibility of the state to protect the sovereignty of its territory against any form of external threat from its neighbors. So we can see here that the Bakassi conflict was an interstates military conflict aim at protecting the sovereignty of the territory as both countries claimed. The government of Cameroon was more than ever ready to defend and protect the sovereignty of the Bakassi people against an impending military occupation from Nigeria. None of the two countries was ready to let go off the territory, as Nigeria on her part, was sending a warning threat that they are very much ready to protect Nigeria citizens go forth in the area from arbitrarily harassment from the Cameroon Gendarmes and as such protecting the sovereignty of the territory.4.6. Socio-cultural aspectsThe territory under question was largely inhabited by the Efik indigenous people who see themselves as belonging to the Federal Republic of Nigeria. They made up about 90% of the population and would not understand why they should be forced to be governed by Cameroon in case the ruling of the Hague was in favor of Cameroon. This is a territory that has been long forgotten by the government of Cameroon with no social structure put in place to make it look like a Cameroon territory. Nigeria on their part has built some few schools in the area and putting up some stru ctures to give life to her citizens leaving in the area. Nigeria used her large population advantage to claim sovereignty of the territory, though the government of Cameroon accuses the Nigeria government that they took advantage of their large home population and thereby transfer so many Nigerians to live in the Bakassi peninsula, so that it will give them an upper hand in claiming sovereignty of the territory.It can also be justified here that the bulk of the Bakassi population who claimed to be of Nigeria origin, were not willing to lose their territory to Cameroon and so urges the Nigeria government to go to war if it needs arise. Culturally speaking, we can also see that the colonial demarcations of the borders done a great hump to the people, as we can find the Efik people on the side of Nigeria speaking the same language with the Akwaya people in Cameroon. These two tribes have the same cultures, conventional rites and traditional attires during festivities. It cannot be de ny here that peoples of the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon have similar cultures with the peoples of Benue, Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Taraba states of Nigeria. So it is obvious that Nigeria based her claim of sovereignty over the territory was as a result of their large population in the area.5. HOW THE CONFLICT WAS RESOLVED AND MANAGEDWhen Nigerian troops violated the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, by incursive the territory of Rio del Rey in May 16, 1961, they claimed five of their soldiers were killed by the Cameroon soldiers. So in respond, the Shehu Shagari the president of Nigeria made it clear that the Nigerian soldiers were not on the Rio del Rey territory but on the Akwayafe territory and as such demanded an apology from Cameroon for the death soldiers. It can be seen here that both countries resorted to diplomatic means to queue down the growing tensions and somehow the conflict was managed. The government of Cameroon made an official apology on July 1981, and promised to pay reparations to Nigeria. This brought the misunderstanding to an end. But worth noting here, is the fact that Nigeria claimed their soldiers were on the Akwayafe river but not on the Rio del Rey river, meaning they indirectly acknowledged and accept the colonial maritime borders delineated by the 1913 Treaty.This sought of management and resolution of